Antenna-Rectifier Co-tsara
Halayen rectennas na biye da EG topology a cikin Hoto 2 shine cewa eriya ta dace kai tsaye da mai gyara, maimakon ma'aunin 50Ω, wanda ke buƙatar ragewa ko kawar da da'irar da ta dace don kunna mai gyara. Wannan sashe yana duba fa'idodin SoA rectennas tare da eriya marasa 50Ω da rectennas ba tare da daidaita hanyoyin sadarwa ba.
1. Ƙananan Eriya
LC resonant eriya an yi amfani da ko'ina a aikace-aikace inda girman tsarin yana da muhimmanci. A mitoci da ke ƙasa da 1 GHz, tsayin raƙuman na iya haifar da daidaitattun eriya masu rarrabawa don mamaye sarari fiye da girman tsarin gabaɗaya, kuma aikace-aikace kamar cikakkiyar haɗaɗɗiyar transceivers don shigar da jiki musamman suna amfana daga amfani da ƙananan eriya na lantarki don WPT.
Za'a iya amfani da babban ƙwanƙwasa ƙaramar eriya (kusa da ƙara) don haɗa mai gyara kai tsaye ko tare da ƙarin hanyar sadarwa mai dacewa akan guntu. An ba da rahoton ƙananan eriya na lantarki a cikin WPT tare da LP da CP a ƙasa 1 GHz ta amfani da eriyar Huygens dipole, tare da ka = 0.645, yayin da ka = 5.91 a cikin dipoles na al'ada (ka = 2πr/λ0).
2. Rectifier conjugate eriya
Halin shigar da na'urar diode na yau da kullun yana da ƙarfi sosai, don haka ana buƙatar eriyar inductive don cimma impedance conjugate. Saboda rashin ƙarfi na guntu, an yi amfani da manyan eriya masu haɓakawa a cikin alamun RFID. Eriyar Dipole kwanan nan sun zama wani yanayi a cikin hadaddun impedance RFID eriya, suna nuna babban impedance (juriya da amsawa) kusa da mitar su.
An yi amfani da eriya masu haɓakawa na dipole don dacewa da babban ƙarfin mai gyara a cikin mitar sha'awa. A cikin eriyar dipole, gajeriyar layi mai ninki biyu (dipole folding) tana aiki azaman mai canzawa, yana ba da damar ƙirar eriya mai girman gaske. A madadin, ciyar da son zuciya shine ke da alhakin haɓaka amsawar inductive da kuma ainihin abin ƙyama. Haɗa abubuwa masu son zuciya da yawa tare da radial stubs mara daidaita baka-tie yana samar da eriya mai girman faɗaɗawa biyu. Hoto na 4 yana nuna wasu eriya masu daidaitawa da aka ruwaito.
Hoto 4
Halayen Radiation a cikin RFEH da WPT
A cikin samfurin Friis, ikon PRX da eriya ta karɓa daga nesa d daga mai watsawa aiki ne kai tsaye na mai karɓa da ribar watsawa (GRX, GTX).
Babban jagorar lobe na eriya da polarization kai tsaye yana tasiri adadin ƙarfin da aka tattara daga igiyar ruwa da ya faru. Halayen radiation na eriya sune mahimman sigogi waɗanda ke bambanta tsakanin RFEH na yanayi da WPT (Hoto 5). Duk da yake a cikin aikace-aikacen guda biyu matsakaicin watsawar na iya zama ba a sani ba kuma ana buƙatar la'akari da tasirinsa akan igiyar ruwa da aka karɓa, ana iya amfani da ilimin eriya mai watsawa. Tebur 3 yana gano mahimman sigogin da aka tattauna a wannan sashe da kuma amfani da su ga RFEH da WPT.
Hoto 5
1. Jagoranci da Riba
A yawancin aikace-aikacen RFEH da WPT, ana ɗauka cewa mai tarawa bai san alkiblar radiyon abin da ya faru ba kuma babu hanyar layin gani (LoS). A cikin wannan aikin, an bincika ƙirar eriya da yawa da jeri don haɓaka ƙarfin da aka karɓa daga tushen da ba a san shi ba, mai zaman kansa daga babban daidaitawar lobe tsakanin mai watsawa da mai karɓa.
An yi amfani da eriya ta gaba ɗaya a cikin rectennas na RFEH na muhalli. A cikin wallafe-wallafe, PSD ya bambanta dangane da yanayin eriya. Duk da haka, ba a bayyana bambancin wutar lantarki ba, don haka ba zai yiwu a tantance ko bambancin ya kasance saboda yanayin radiation na eriya ba ko kuma saboda rashin daidaituwa na polarization.
Baya ga aikace-aikacen RFEH, manyan eriya na jagora da tsararraki an ba da rahoton ko'ina don WPT na microwave don haɓaka haɓaka ƙimar ƙarancin ƙarfin RF ko shawo kan asarar yaduwa. Yagi-Uda rectenna arrays, bowtie arrays, karkace tsararru, madaidaitan tsarin Vivaldi, CPW CP arrays, da faci arrays suna daga cikin aiwatar da madaidaicin madaurin da zai iya haɓaka yawan ƙarfin abin da ya faru a ƙarƙashin wani yanki. Sauran hanyoyin da za a inganta ribar eriya sun haɗa da fasahar haɗaɗɗen waveguide (SIW) a cikin microwave da igiyoyin igiyar milimita, musamman ga WPT. Koyaya, babban riba mai girma na rectenna yana da kunkuntar katako mai faɗi, yana sa liyafar raƙuman ruwa a cikin kwatance na sabani. Bincike a cikin adadin abubuwan eriya da tashoshin jiragen ruwa sun kammala da cewa mafi girman kai tsaye baya dacewa da mafi girman ƙarfin girbe a cikin RFEH na yanayi yana ɗaukar abin da ya faru na sabani mai girma uku; An tabbatar da wannan ta hanyar ma'aunin filin a cikin birane. Za a iya iyakance tsararrun riba mai girma zuwa aikace-aikacen WPT.
Don canja wurin fa'idodin eriya masu riba zuwa RFEHs na sabani, ana amfani da marufi ko hanyoyin shimfidawa don shawo kan batun kai tsaye. An ba da shawarar ƙwanƙwan hannu na eriya mai faci biyu don girbi makamashi daga Wi-Fi RFEHs na yanayi ta hanyoyi biyu. An kuma tsara eriya ta wayar salula na yanayi ta RFEH azaman akwatunan 3D kuma an buga su ko manne da filaye na waje don rage yankin tsarin da ba da damar girbi na jagora da yawa. Siffofin dubunnan dubunnan suna nuna babbar yuwuwar liyafar makamashi a cikin RFEHs na yanayi.
Haɓaka ƙirar eriya don ƙara girman nisa, gami da abubuwan facin parasitic na taimako, an yi su don haɓaka WPT a 2.4 GHz, 4 × 1 arrays. An kuma ba da shawarar eriya ta raga mai lamba 6 GHz tare da yankuna masu yawa, yana nuna katako da yawa a kowane tashar jiragen ruwa. Multi-tashar jiragen ruwa, Multi-rectifier surface rectennas da eriya girbi makamashi tare da omnidirectional radiation alamu an gabatar da Multi-directional da Multi-polarized RFEH. Hakanan an gabatar da na'urori masu gyara da yawa tare da matrices masu haske da kuma tsararrun eriya masu tashar jiragen ruwa da yawa don riba mai yawa, girbin makamashi mai jagora da yawa.
A taƙaice, yayin da aka fi son eriya masu riba don haɓaka ƙarfin da aka girbe daga ƙananan ƙarancin RF, masu karɓar jagora mai yawa bazai yi kyau ba a aikace-aikacen da ba a san hanyar mai watsawa ba (misali, RFEH na yanayi ko WPT ta hanyar tashoshi waɗanda ba a san su ba). A cikin wannan aikin, ana ba da shawarar hanyoyi masu yawa don samun babban riba mai yawa WPT da RFEH.
2. Antenna Polarization
Antenna polarization yana kwatanta motsi na filin lantarki dangane da alkiblar yada eriya. Rashin daidaituwa na polarization na iya haifar da raguwar watsawa / liyafar tsakanin eriya koda lokacin da manyan kwatancen lobe suka daidaita. Misali, idan an yi amfani da eriyar LP a tsaye don watsawa kuma ana amfani da eriyar LP a kwance don liyafar, ba za a karɓi wuta ba. A cikin wannan sashe, ana duba hanyoyin da aka bayar da rahoton don haɓaka ingancin liyafar mara waya da kuma guje wa asarar rashin daidaiton polarization. An ba da taƙaitaccen tsarin gine-ginen duburar da aka tsara game da polarization a cikin hoto na 6 kuma an bayar da misali SoA a cikin Tebur 4.
Hoto 6
A cikin hanyoyin sadarwar salula, ba za a iya cimma daidaiton polarization na layi tsakanin tashoshi na tushe da wayoyin hannu ba, don haka an tsara eriya ta tashar tushe don zama mai-polarized ko polarized da yawa don guje wa asarar rashin daidaiton polarization. Koyaya, bambancin raƙuman ruwa na LP saboda tasirin hanyoyi da yawa ya kasance matsala maras warwarewa. Dangane da zato na tashoshi na wayar hannu da yawa, an tsara eriyar RFEH ta salula azaman eriyar LP.
An fi amfani da CP rectennas a cikin WPT saboda suna da ɗan jure rashin daidaituwa. Eriya CP suna iya karɓar radiyon CP tare da jagorar juyawa iri ɗaya (hannun hagu ko CP na dama) ban da duk raƙuman ruwa na LP ba tare da asarar wuta ba. A kowane hali, eriyar CP tana watsa kuma eriyar LP tana karɓa tare da asarar 3 dB (asarar wuta 50%). An ba da rahoton cewa CP rectennas sun dace da 900 MHz da 2.4 GHz da 5.8 GHz masana'antu, kimiyya, da makada na likita da kuma igiyoyin milimita. A cikin RFEH na tãguwar ruwa ba bisa ka'ida ba, bambancin polarization yana wakiltar yuwuwar mafita ga asarar rashin daidaiton polarization.
Cikakken polarization, wanda kuma aka sani da Multi-polarization, an gabatar da shi don shawo kan asarar rashin daidaiton polarization gaba ɗaya, yana ba da damar tarin duka raƙuman ruwa na CP da LP, inda abubuwa biyu na LP masu ƙarfi biyu masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke karɓar duk raƙuman ruwa na LP da CP yadda ya kamata. Don misalta wannan, madaidaitan wutar lantarki da ke kwance (VV da VH) suna ci gaba da kasancewa ba tare da la’akari da kusurwar polarization ba:
CP electromagnetic wave “E” filin lantarki, inda aka tattara iko sau biyu (sau ɗaya a kowace raka'a), ta haka ne cikakken karɓar ɓangaren CP da kuma shawo kan asarar rashin daidaituwa na polarization na 3 dB:
A ƙarshe, ta hanyar haɗin DC, ana iya karɓar raƙuman ruwa na ɓarna na sabani. Hoto na 7 yana nuna ma'aunin lissafi na madaidaicin madaurin da aka ruwaito.
Hoto 7
A taƙaice, a cikin aikace-aikacen WPT tare da keɓancewar samar da wutar lantarki, an fi son CP saboda yana inganta ingancin WPT ba tare da la'akari da kusurwar polarization na eriya ba. A gefe guda, a cikin sayan tushen abubuwa da yawa, musamman daga maɓuɓɓugar yanayi, cikakkun eriya masu ƙarfi na iya samun ingantacciyar liyafar gabaɗaya da matsakaicin ɗaukar nauyi; Ana buƙatar gine-ginen tashar tashar jiragen ruwa da yawa/mai-gyara don haɗa cikakken ƙarfin wuta a RF ko DC.
Takaitawa
Wannan takarda ta sake duba ci gaban da aka samu a ƙirar eriya don RFEH da WPT, kuma tana ba da shawarar daidaitaccen ƙira na ƙirar eriya don RFEH da WPT waɗanda ba a gabatar da su a cikin adabi na baya ba. An gano ainihin buƙatun eriya guda uku don cimma babban ingancin RF-to-DC kamar:
1. Antenna mai gyara impedance bandwidth don RFEH da WPT band na sha'awa;
2. Babban daidaitawar lobe tsakanin mai aikawa da mai karɓa a cikin WPT daga ciyarwar da aka keɓe;
3. Ma'auni na polarization tsakanin madaidaicin madaidaicin madauri da igiyar ruwa da ke faruwa ba tare da la'akari da kusurwa da matsayi ba.
Dangane da impedance, an rarraba rectennas zuwa 50Ω da mai gyara conjugate rectennas, tare da mai da hankali kan daidaitawa da daidaitawa tsakanin makada da lodi daban-daban da ingancin kowace hanyar daidaitawa.
An yi bitar halayen radiyo na SoA rectennas ta fuskar kai tsaye da daidaitawa. Ana tattauna hanyoyin inganta riba ta hanyar yin katako da marufi don shawo kan kunkuntar katako. A ƙarshe, CP rectennas na WPT ana bita, tare da aiwatarwa daban-daban don cimma liyafar cin gashin kai ga WPT da RFEH.
Don ƙarin koyo game da eriya, da fatan za a ziyarci:
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-16-2024
