Tsarin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin na'urorin gyarawa na Eriya
Halayyar rectangular da ke bin tsarin EG a Hoto na 2 shine cewa eriya tana daidaita kai tsaye da rectangular, maimakon ma'aunin 50Ω, wanda ke buƙatar rage ko kawar da da'irar daidaitawa don kunna rectangular. Wannan sashe yana sake duba fa'idodin rectangular SoA tare da eriya da rectangular marasa 50Ω ba tare da hanyoyin sadarwa masu daidaitawa ba.
1. Ƙananan Entennas Masu Lantarki
An yi amfani da eriya mai sautin LC sosai a aikace-aikace inda girman tsarin yake da mahimmanci. A mitoci ƙasa da 1 GHz, tsawon tsayin na iya haifar da eriya mai rarrabawa ta yau da kullun ta mamaye sarari fiye da girman tsarin gabaɗaya, kuma aikace-aikace kamar transceivers cikakke don dashen jiki musamman suna amfana daga amfani da ƙananan eriya masu amfani da wutar lantarki don WPT.
Ana iya amfani da babban ƙarfin inductive na ƙaramin eriya (kusa da resonance) don haɗa mai gyara kai tsaye ko tare da ƙarin hanyar sadarwa mai daidaitawa ta kan-chip. An ruwaito ƙananan eriya masu amfani da wutar lantarki a cikin WPT tare da LP da CP ƙasa da 1 GHz ta amfani da eriya na dipole na Huygens, tare da ka=0.645, yayin da ka=5.91 a cikin dipoles na yau da kullun (ka=2πr/λ0).
2. Eriya mai haɗa madaidaitan gyara
Tsarin shigarwa na yau da kullun na diode yana da ƙarfin aiki sosai, don haka ana buƙatar eriya mai inductive don cimma haɗin gwiwa. Saboda ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na guntu, an yi amfani da eriya mai inductive mai ƙarfi a cikin alamun RFID. Eriya na Dipole kwanan nan sun zama wani yanayi a cikin eriya mai rikitarwa na RFID, suna nuna babban juriya (juriya da amsawa) kusa da mitar amsawarsu.
An yi amfani da eriya mai juyi mai inductive don daidaita ƙarfin mai gyarawa a cikin mitar da ake amfani da ita. A cikin eriya mai juyi mai lanƙwasa, layin gajere mai layi biyu (naɗewa maimakonle) yana aiki azaman mai canza yanayin impedance, yana ba da damar ƙirar eriya mai juyi mai ƙarfi. A madadin haka, ciyar da bias yana da alhakin ƙara amsawar inductive da kuma ainihin impedance. Haɗa abubuwan dipole masu juyi da yawa tare da radial stubs marasa daidaito yana samar da eriya mai juyi mai tsayi mai faɗi biyu. Hoto na 4 yana nuna wasu eriya masu juyi mai rectifier.
Hoto na 4
Halayen radiation a cikin RFEH da WPT
A cikin samfurin Friis, ƙarfin PRX da eriya ta samu a nesa da mai watsawa aiki ne kai tsaye na ribar mai karɓa da mai watsawa (GRX, GTX).
Babban ƙarfin eriya da kuma rabuwar da ke tsakanin eriya suna shafar adadin wutar lantarki da aka tara daga raƙuman da suka faru kai tsaye. Halayen hasken eriya sune manyan sigogi waɗanda ke bambanta tsakanin RFEH na yanayi da WPT (Hoto na 5). Duk da yake a cikin aikace-aikacen biyu, hanyar watsawa ba za a iya sanin ta ba kuma ana buƙatar la'akari da tasirinta akan raƙuman da aka karɓa, ana iya amfani da ilimin eriya mai watsawa. Tebur na 3 ya gano mahimman sigogi da aka tattauna a cikin wannan sashe da kuma yadda za su yi aiki ga RFEH da WPT.
Hoto na 5
1. Jagora da Riba
A mafi yawan aikace-aikacen RFEH da WPT, ana ɗauka cewa mai tattarawa bai san alkiblar hasken da ya faru ba kuma babu hanyar gani (LoS). A cikin wannan aikin, an binciki ƙira da wuraren da eriya da yawa don haɓaka ƙarfin da aka karɓa daga tushen da ba a sani ba, ba tare da la'akari da daidaiton babban lobe tsakanin mai watsawa da mai karɓa ba.
An yi amfani da eriya mai juyawar hanya ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban a cikin rectenna na RFEH na muhalli. A cikin adabi, PSD ya bambanta dangane da yanayin eriya. Duk da haka, ba a yi bayanin bambancin wutar lantarki ba, don haka ba zai yiwu a tantance ko bambancin ya faru ne saboda yanayin radiation na eriya ko kuma saboda rashin daidaiton polarization ba.
Baya ga aikace-aikacen RFEH, an ba da rahoton eriya mai jagora mai yawan riba da jerin gwano don microwave WPT don inganta ingancin tattarawa na ƙarancin ƙarfin RF ko shawo kan asarar yaduwa. Jerin gwano na Yagi-Uda, jerin baka, jerin karkace, jerin Vivaldi masu manne da juna, jerin CPW CP, da jerin faci suna daga cikin aiwatar da tsarin rectenna masu scalable waɗanda zasu iya haɓaka yawan ƙarfin da ya faru a ƙarƙashin wani yanki. Sauran hanyoyin inganta samun eriya sun haɗa da fasahar haɗakar waveguide (SIW) a cikin madaurin microwave da millimeter, musamman ga WPT. Duk da haka, rectenna masu yawan riba ana siffanta su da ƙananan beamwidths, wanda hakan ya sa karɓar raƙuman ruwa a cikin hanyoyi marasa inganci ba shi da tasiri. Binciken da aka gudanar kan adadin abubuwan eriya da tashoshin jiragen ruwa ya kammala da cewa mafi girman kai tsaye bai dace da mafi girman ƙarfin da aka girbe a cikin RFEH na yanayi ba idan aka yi la'akari da faruwar yanayi mai girma uku; an tabbatar da wannan ta hanyar ma'aunin filin a cikin muhallin birane. Jerin riba mai yawa za a iya iyakance shi ga aikace-aikacen WPT.
Domin canja wurin fa'idodin eriya masu yawan riba zuwa RFEHs na daban-daban, ana amfani da mafita na marufi ko tsari don shawo kan matsalar kai tsaye. An ba da shawarar ɗaure wuyan hannu na eriya mai faci biyu don tattara makamashi daga Wi-Fi RFEHs na yanayi a hanyoyi biyu. An kuma tsara eriya na RFEH na yanayi a matsayin akwatunan 3D kuma an buga su ko a manne su a saman waje don rage yankin tsarin da kuma ba da damar girbin hanyoyi da yawa. Tsarin rectenna mai siffar cubic yana nuna yiwuwar karɓar makamashi mafi girma a cikin RFEHs na yanayi.
An yi gyare-gyare ga ƙirar eriya don ƙara faɗin beam, gami da abubuwan facin parasitic na taimako, don inganta WPT a 2.4 GHz, jerin 4 × 1. An kuma gabatar da eriya mai raga ta 6 GHz tare da yankuna masu katako da yawa, wanda ke nuna katako da yawa a kowace tashar jiragen ruwa. An gabatar da eriya mai tashar jiragen ruwa da yawa, murabba'ai masu gyaran fuska da yawa da eriya masu tattara makamashi tare da tsarin radiation na omnidirectional don RFEH mai hanyoyi da yawa da kuma polarized. An kuma gabatar da masu gyara da yawa tare da matrices masu gyaran beam da jerin eriya masu tashoshi da yawa don girbin makamashi mai yawa da yawa.
A taƙaice, yayin da ake fifita eriya masu yawan riba don inganta ƙarfin da aka girba daga ƙarancin yawan RF, masu karɓar hanya mai yawan gaske bazai dace ba a aikace-aikace inda ba a san alkiblar mai watsawa ba (misali, RFEH na yanayi ko WPT ta hanyar tashoshin yaɗawa da ba a sani ba). A cikin wannan aikin, an gabatar da hanyoyi da yawa na hasken rana don WPT da RFEH masu yawan amfani da hanyoyi masu yawa.
2. Rarrabawar Eriya
Rarrabawar eriya ta bayyana motsin vector na filin lantarki dangane da alkiblar yaɗa eriya. Rashin daidaiton rarrabawar na iya haifar da raguwar watsawa/liyafar tsakanin eriya koda lokacin da aka daidaita manyan alkiblar lobe. Misali, idan an yi amfani da eriya ta LP a tsaye don watsawa kuma an yi amfani da eriya ta LP a kwance don karɓar, ba za a karɓi wutar lantarki ba. A cikin wannan sashe, an sake duba hanyoyin da aka ruwaito don haɓaka ingancin karɓar mara waya da kuma guje wa asarar rashin daidaituwar rarrabawar. An ba da taƙaitaccen tsarin rectenna da aka gabatar dangane da rarrabawar a cikin Hoto na 6 kuma an ba da misali na SoA a cikin Tebur 4.
Hoto na 6
A cikin sadarwar wayar salula, ba zai yiwu a cimma daidaiton layi tsakanin tashoshin tushe da wayoyin hannu ba, don haka an tsara eriya ta tashar tushe don su kasance masu raba biyu ko masu raba daya don guje wa asarar rashin daidaiton polarization. Duk da haka, bambancin polarization na raƙuman LP saboda tasirin hanyoyi da yawa ya kasance matsala da ba a warware ba. Dangane da zato na tashoshin tushe na wayar hannu da yawa, an tsara eriya ta RFEH ta wayar salula azaman eriya ta LP.
Ana amfani da rectenna na CP galibi a cikin WPT saboda suna da juriya ga rashin daidaito. Eriya na CP suna iya karɓar hasken CP tare da alkiblar juyawa iri ɗaya (CP na hannun hagu ko na hannun dama) ban da duk raƙuman LP ba tare da asarar wutar lantarki ba. A kowane hali, eriya ta CP tana watsawa kuma eriya ta LP tana karɓa tare da asarar 3 dB (rashin wutar lantarki 50%). An ruwaito cewa rectenna na CP sun dace da madaukai na masana'antu, kimiyya, da na likitanci na 900 MHz da 2.4 GHz da 5.8 GHz da kuma raƙuman millimeter. A cikin RFEH na raƙuman ruwa masu rarrabuwar kawuna, bambancin polarization yana wakiltar yuwuwar mafita ga asarar rashin daidaiton polarization.
An gabatar da cikakken rarrabuwar kawuna, wanda aka fi sani da multi-polarization, don shawo kan asarar rashin daidaiton rarrabuwar kawuna gaba ɗaya, yana ba da damar tattara raƙuman CP da LP, inda abubuwa biyu na LP masu rarrafe biyu masu rarrafe biyu ke karɓar dukkan raƙuman LP da CP yadda ya kamata. Don kwatanta wannan, ƙarfin lantarki na tsaye da na kwance (VV da VH) suna nan daram ba tare da la'akari da kusurwar rabuwar kawuna ba:
Filin lantarki na CP electromagnetic wave "E", inda ake tattara wutar lantarki sau biyu (sau ɗaya a kowace raka'a), ta haka ne ake karɓar sashin CP gaba ɗaya kuma a shawo kan asarar rashin daidaiton polarization 3 dB:
A ƙarshe, ta hanyar haɗin DC, ana iya samun raƙuman da suka faru na rabuwar ba tare da wani tsari ba. Hoto na 7 yana nuna yanayin rectenna da aka ruwaito cikakke.
Hoto na 7
A taƙaice, a cikin aikace-aikacen WPT tare da kayan aikin wutar lantarki na musamman, an fi son CP saboda yana inganta ingancin WPT ba tare da la'akari da kusurwar polarization na eriya ba. A gefe guda kuma, a cikin samun tushen tushe da yawa, musamman daga tushen yanayi, eriya masu polarized cikakke na iya samun mafi kyawun karɓa gabaɗaya da matsakaicin ɗaukar hoto; ana buƙatar tsarin gine-ginen tashar jiragen ruwa da yawa/masu gyarawa da yawa don haɗa cikakken ƙarfin polarized a RF ko DC.
Takaitaccen Bayani
Wannan takarda ta yi bitar ci gaban da aka samu kwanan nan a ƙirar eriya don RFEH da WPT, kuma ta gabatar da tsarin rarrabawa na yau da kullun na ƙirar eriya don RFEH da WPT wanda ba a gabatar da shi a cikin wallafe-wallafen da suka gabata ba. An gano manyan buƙatun eriya guda uku don cimma babban ingancin RF-zuwa-DC kamar haka:
1. Bandwidth impedance impedance rectifier don madannin RFEH da WPT masu sha'awa;
2. Babban daidaitawar lobe tsakanin mai watsawa da mai karɓa a cikin WPT daga ciyarwar da aka keɓe;
3. Daidaitawar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin rectenna da raƙuman da suka faru ba tare da la'akari da kusurwa da matsayi ba.
Dangane da impedance, an rarraba rectenna zuwa 50Ω da rectifier conjugate rectennas, tare da mai da hankali kan daidaita impedance tsakanin madauri daban-daban da lodi da kuma ingancin kowace hanyar daidaitawa.
An sake duba halayen hasken rana na rectennas na SoA daga mahangar kai tsaye da kuma rarrabuwar kawuna. An tattauna hanyoyin inganta riba ta hanyar ƙirƙirar haske da marufi don shawo kan kunkuntar faɗin haske. A ƙarshe, an sake duba rectennas na CP don WPT, tare da aiwatarwa daban-daban don cimma karɓar WPT da RFEH ba tare da la'akari da polarization ba.
Don ƙarin koyo game da eriya, da fatan za a ziyarci:
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-16-2024
