Labarai - Sharhin eriya na layin watsawa bisa ga kayan aiki (Kashi na 2)

2. Amfani da MTM-TL a cikin Tsarin Eriya
Wannan sashe zai mayar da hankali kan TLs na wucin gadi da wasu daga cikin aikace-aikacensu da suka fi dacewa da dacewa don aiwatar da tsarin eriya daban-daban tare da ƙarancin farashi, sauƙin kerawa, rage girman bayanai, faɗaɗɗen bandwidth, babban riba da inganci, ikon duba wurare masu faɗi da ƙarancin bayanai. An tattauna su a ƙasa.

1. Eriya masu amfani da broadband da multimita
A cikin TL na yau da kullun mai tsawon l, idan aka ba da mitar kusurwa ω0, ana iya ƙididdige tsawon wutar lantarki (ko matakin) layin watsawa kamar haka:

Inda vp ke wakiltar saurin lokaci na layin watsawa. Kamar yadda za a iya gani daga sama, bandwidth ɗin yana daidai da jinkirin rukuni, wanda shine abin da aka samo daga φ dangane da mita. Saboda haka, yayin da tsawon layin watsawa ya zama gajere, bandwidth ɗin ma yana faɗaɗa. A wata ma'anar, akwai dangantaka mai juzu'i tsakanin bandwidth da matakin asali na layin watsawa, wanda aka keɓance shi da ƙira. Wannan yana nuna cewa a cikin da'irorin rarrabawa na gargajiya, bandwidth ɗin aiki ba shi da sauƙin sarrafawa. Ana iya danganta wannan da iyakokin layukan watsawa na gargajiya dangane da digiri na 'yanci. Duk da haka, abubuwan ɗorawa suna ba da damar amfani da ƙarin sigogi a cikin TLs na metamaterial, kuma ana iya sarrafa martanin mataki zuwa wani mataki. Domin ƙara bandwidth, yana da mahimmanci a sami irin wannan gangara kusa da mitar aiki na halayen watsawa. TL na wucin gadi na metamaterial na iya cimma wannan burin. Dangane da wannan hanyar, an gabatar da hanyoyi da yawa don haɓaka bandwidth na eriya a cikin takarda. Masana sun tsara kuma sun ƙera eriya biyu masu faɗin broadband waɗanda aka ɗora da resonators na zobe masu rabuwa (duba Hoto na 7). Sakamakon da aka nuna a Hoto na 7 ya nuna cewa bayan an ɗora wa resonator zobe mai rabuwa da eriya ta monopole ta gargajiya, ana samun yanayin mita mai ƙarancin sauti. Girman resonator zobe mai rabuwa an inganta shi don cimma sautin kusa da na eriya ta monopole. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa lokacin da resonations guda biyu suka yi daidai, ana ƙara girman bandwidth da halayen radiation na eriya. Tsawon da faɗin eriya ta monopole sune 0.25λ0×0.11λ0 da 0.25λ0×0.21λ0 (4GHz), bi da bi, kuma tsawon da faɗin eriya ta monopole da aka ɗora da resonator zobe mai rabuwa sune 0.29λ0×0.21λ0 (2.9GHz), bi da bi. Ga eriya ta gargajiya mai siffar F da eriya mai siffar T ba tare da resonator zobe mai rabuwa ba, mafi girman riba da ingancin radiation da aka auna a cikin band na 5GHz shine 3.6dBi - 78.5% da 3.9dBi - 80.2%, bi da bi. Ga eriya da aka ɗora da resonator na zobe mai rabuwa, waɗannan sigogi sune 4dBi - 81.2% da 4.4dBi - 83%, bi da bi, a cikin band na 6GHz. Ta hanyar aiwatar da resonator na zobe mai rabuwa a matsayin nauyin da ya dace akan eriya ta monopole, ana iya tallafawa band na 2.9GHz ~ 6.41GHz da 2.6GHz ~ 6.6GHz, wanda ya dace da bandwid na fractional na 75.4% da ~87%, bi da bi. Waɗannan sakamakon sun nuna cewa an inganta bandwid na aunawa da kusan sau 2.4 da sau 2.11 idan aka kwatanta da eriya ta monopole ta gargajiya waɗanda ke da girman da aka ƙayyade.

Hoto na 7. Eriya biyu masu girman broadband cike suke da resonators na rabe-raben zobe.

Kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 8, an nuna sakamakon gwaji na ƙaramin eriyar monopole da aka buga. Lokacin da S11≤- 10 dB, bandwidth ɗin aiki shine 185% (0.115-2.90 GHz), kuma a 1.45 GHz, ƙimar kololuwa da ingancin radiation sune 2.35 dBi da 78.8%, bi da bi. Tsarin eriyar yayi kama da tsarin takarda mai kusurwa uku baya-da-baya, wanda mai raba wutar lantarki mai lanƙwasa ke ciyarwa. GND ɗin da aka yanke ya ƙunshi sandar tsakiya da aka sanya a ƙarƙashin mai ciyarwa, kuma an rarraba zobba huɗu masu buɗewa a kusa da shi, wanda ke faɗaɗa bandwidth na eriya. Eriya tana haskakawa kusan ko'ina, tana rufe yawancin madannin VHF da S, da duk madannin UHF da L. Girman eriya na zahiri shine 48.32×43.72×0.8 mm3, kuma girman wutar lantarki shine 0.235λ0×0.211λ0×0.003λ0. Yana da fa'idodin ƙaramin girma da ƙarancin farashi, kuma yana da yuwuwar amfani da shi a cikin tsarin sadarwa mara waya ta hanyar intanet.

Hoto na 8: Eriya mai siffar monopole da aka ɗora da resonator na zobe mai raba.

Siffa ta 9 ta nuna tsarin eriya mai siffar murabba'i wanda ya ƙunshi nau'i biyu na madaukai na waya mai haɗin kai waɗanda aka gina su a kan wani yanki na ƙasa mai siffar T ta hanyar hanyoyi biyu. Girman eriya shine 38.5×36.6 mm2 (0.070λ0×0.067λ0), inda λ0 shine tsawon sararin samaniya na 0.55 GHz. Eriya tana haskakawa a ko'ina a cikin E-plane a cikin kewayon mitar aiki na 0.55 ~ 3.85 GHz, tare da matsakaicin riba na 5.5dBi a 2.35GHz da ingancin 90.1%. Waɗannan fasalulluka sun sa eriya da aka gabatar ta dace da aikace-aikace daban-daban, gami da UHF RFID, GSM 900, GPS, KPCS, DCS, IMT-2000, WiMAX, WiFi da Bluetooth.

Hoto na 9 Tsarin eriya mai siffar murabba'i.

2. Eriya Mai Zurfi (LWA)
Sabuwar eriya mai zubar da ruwa tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan aikace-aikacen don cimma TL na wucin gadi. Ga eriya masu zubar da ruwa, tasirin β mai daidaito akan kusurwar radiation (θm) da faɗin mafi girman haske (Δθ) kamar haka:

L shine tsawon eriya, k0 shine lambar raƙuman ruwa a cikin sararin samaniya kyauta, kuma λ0 shine tsawon raƙuman ruwa a cikin sararin samaniya kyauta. Lura cewa radiation yana faruwa ne kawai lokacin |β|

3. Eriya mai sifili
Wani abu na musamman na kayan aikin CRLH shine cewa β na iya zama 0 lokacin da mitar ba ta daidaita da sifili ba. Dangane da wannan siffa, ana iya samar da sabon sifili mai tsari (ZOR). Lokacin da β sifili ne, babu wani canjin lokaci da ke faruwa a cikin dukkan resonator. Wannan saboda canjin lokaci φ = - βd = 0. Bugu da ƙari, resonation ya dogara ne kawai akan nauyin amsawa kuma ba ya dogara da tsawon tsarin. Hoto na 10 ya nuna cewa an ƙera eriya da aka gabatar ta hanyar amfani da raka'a biyu da uku tare da siffar E, kuma jimlar girman shine 0.017λ0 × 0.006λ0 × 0.001λ0 da 0.028λ0 × 0.008λ0 × 0.001λ0, bi da bi, inda λ0 ke wakiltar tsawon tsayin sarari kyauta a mitoci na aiki na 500 MHz da 650 MHz, bi da bi. Eriya tana aiki a mitoci na 0.5-1.35 GHz (0.85 GHz) da 0.65-1.85 GHz (1.2 GHz), tare da bandwidth na dangi na 91.9% da 96.0%. Baya ga halayen ƙaramin girma da faɗi na bandwidth, riba da ingancin eriya na farko da na biyu sune 5.3dBi da 85% (1GHz) da 5.7dBi da 90% (1.4GHz), bi da bi.

Hoto na 10 Tsarin eriya mai siffar E da E mai siffar E da aka gabatar.

4. Eriya ta Ramin
An gabatar da wata hanya mai sauƙi don faɗaɗa buɗewar eriya ta CRLH-MTM, amma girman eriyarta bai canza ba. Kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 11, eriya ta ƙunshi na'urorin CRLH da aka taru a tsaye a kan juna, waɗanda ke ɗauke da faci da layukan da ke juyawa, kuma akwai rami mai siffar S a kan facin. Ana ciyar da eriya ta hanyar stub mai daidaitawa na CPW, kuma girmanta shine 17.5 mm × 32.15 mm × 1.6 mm, wanda ya yi daidai da 0.204λ0 × 0.375λ0 × 0.018λ0, inda λ0 (3.5GHz) ke wakiltar tsawon sararin samaniya kyauta. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa eriya tana aiki a cikin mitar mita na 0.85-7.90GHz, kuma bandwidth ɗin aikinta shine 161.14%. Mafi girman ƙaruwar radiation da ingancin eriya yana bayyana a 3.5GHz, waɗanda sune 5.12dBi da ~80%, bi da bi.