Mai haɗa eriya mai haɗin lantarki ce da ake amfani da ita don haɗa kayan mitar rediyo da igiyoyi. Babban aikinsa shine watsa sigina mai tsayi.
Mai haɗawa yana da kyawawan halaye masu dacewa da impedance, wanda ke tabbatar da cewa an rage girman siginar tunani da asara yayin watsawa tsakanin mai haɗawa da kebul. Yawancin lokaci suna da kyawawan kaddarorin kariya don hana tsangwama na lantarki na waje daga shafar ingancin sigina.
Nau'in haɗin eriya gama gari sun haɗa da SMA, BNC, N-type, TNC, da sauransu, waɗanda suka dace da buƙatun aikace-aikace daban-daban.
Wannan labarin kuma zai gabatar muku da masu haɗin haɗin da aka saba amfani da su:
Mitar amfani mai haɗawa
SMA Connector
Nau'in SMA mai haɗin coaxial RF shine mai haɗin RF/microwave wanda Bendix da Omni-Spectra suka tsara a ƙarshen 1950s. Yana ɗaya daga cikin haɗe-haɗe da aka fi amfani da su a wancan lokacin.
Asali, ana amfani da masu haɗin SMA akan 0.141 ″ ƙananan igiyoyin coaxial masu tsauri, da farko ana amfani da su a aikace-aikacen microwave a cikin masana'antar soja, tare da cika Teflon dielectric.
Saboda mai haɗin SMA ƙarami ne kuma yana iya aiki a mitoci mafi girma (yawan mitar shine DC zuwa 18GHz lokacin da aka haɗa su da igiyoyi masu ƙarfi, da DC zuwa 12.4GHz lokacin da aka haɗa su da igiyoyi masu sassauƙa), cikin sauri yana samun shahara. Wasu kamfanoni yanzu suna iya samar da masu haɗin SMA a kusa da DC ~ 27GHz. Hatta haɓakar masu haɗa igiyar igiyar milimita (kamar 3.5mm, 2.92mm) suna ɗaukar dacewa da injina tare da masu haɗin SMA.
Mai haɗin SMA
BNC Connector
Cikakken sunan mai haɗin BNC shine Bayonet Nut Connector (mai haɗawa mai dacewa, wannan sunan a bayyane yake bayyana sifar wannan haɗin), mai suna bayan na'urar kullewa ta bayonet da masu ƙirƙira Paul Neill da Carl Concelman.
mai haɗin RF na gama gari wanda ke rage girman tunani/asara. Ana amfani da masu haɗin BNC yawanci a cikin ƙananan aikace-aikacen matsakaici zuwa matsakaici kuma ana amfani dasu sosai a cikin tsarin sadarwa mara waya, talabijin, kayan gwaji, da kayan lantarki na RF.
An kuma yi amfani da masu haɗin BNC a farkon hanyoyin sadarwar kwamfuta. Mai haɗin BNC yana goyan bayan mitocin sigina daga 0 zuwa 4GHz, amma kuma yana iya aiki har zuwa 12GHz idan an yi amfani da sigar inganci ta musamman da aka tsara don wannan mitar. Akwai nau'i biyu na halayen halayen halayen, wato 50 ohms da 75 ohms. 50 ohm masu haɗin BNC sun fi shahara.
N irin Connector
Paul Neal ya ƙirƙira mai haɗin eriya mai nau'in N a Bell Labs a cikin 1940s. Nau'in N da farko an tsara su don biyan bukatun soja da filayen jiragen sama don haɗa tsarin radar da sauran kayan aikin mitar rediyo. An tsara nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) nau'i-nau'i.
Matsakaicin mitar masu haɗin Nau'in N yawanci ya dogara da ƙayyadaddun ƙira da ƙimar masana'anta. Gabaɗaya magana, masu haɗin nau'in N-nau'in na iya rufe kewayon mitar daga 0 Hz (DC) zuwa 11 GHz zuwa 18 GHz. Koyaya, masu haɗin nau'in nau'in N masu inganci na iya tallafawa mafi girman jeri, kai sama da 18 GHz. A aikace-aikace masu amfani, masu haɗin nau'in nau'in N suna galibi ana amfani da su a cikin ƙananan aikace-aikacen mitoci kaɗan zuwa matsakaici, kamar sadarwa mara waya, watsa shirye-shirye, sadarwar tauraron dan adam da tsarin radar.
N nau'in haɗin haɗi
Mai haɗa TNC
Paul Neill da Carl Concelman ne suka kirkiro mai haɗin TNC (Threaded Neill-Concelman) a farkon 1960s. Yana da ingantaccen sigar mai haɗin BNC kuma yana amfani da hanyar haɗin zaren.
Siffar rashin ƙarfi shine 50 ohms, kuma mafi kyawun kewayon mitar aiki shine 0-11GHz. A cikin rukunin mitar microwave, masu haɗin TNC suna aiki mafi kyau fiye da masu haɗin BNC. Yana da halaye na juriya mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, babban abin dogaro, ingantattun kayan aikin injiniya da lantarki, da sauransu, kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin kayan aikin rediyo da na'urorin lantarki don haɗa igiyoyin coaxial na RF.
3.5mm Connector
Mai haɗin 3.5mm mai haɗin mitar coaxial ne. Diamita na ciki na madubi na waje shine 3.5mm, halayen halayen halayen shine 50Ω, kuma hanyar haɗin kai shine 1 / 4-36UNS-2 inch thread.
A tsakiyar shekarun 1970s, kamfanonin Hewlett-Packard na Amurka da Amphenol (wanda Kamfanin HP ya fi haɓaka, kuma Kamfanin Amphenol ne ya fara samar da shi) ya ƙaddamar da mai haɗin 3.5mm, wanda ke da mitar aiki har zuwa 33GHz kuma shine farkon farko. mitar rediyo da za a iya amfani da ita a cikin bandejin kalaman millimeter. Ɗaya daga cikin masu haɗin coaxial.
Idan aka kwatanta da masu haɗin SMA (ciki har da "Super SMA" na Kudu maso Yamma na Microwave), masu haɗin 3.5mm suna amfani da dielectric iska, suna da kauri na waje fiye da masu haɗin SMA, kuma suna da ƙarfin inji. Sabili da haka, ba wai kawai aikin lantarki ya fi na masu haɗin SMA ba, amma ƙarfin injiniyoyi da maimaita aikin su ma sun fi na masu haɗin SMA, yana sa ya fi dacewa don amfani a cikin masana'antar gwaji.
2.92mm Connector
Mai haɗin 2.92mm, wasu masana'antun suna kiransa 2.9mm ko nau'in K-type, wasu masana'antun kuma suna kiransa SMK, KMC, WMP4 connector, da dai sauransu, mai haɗin mitar rediyo ne mai haɗin haɗin gwiwa tare da diamita na waje na ciki na 2.92mm. Halayen impedance shine 50Ω kuma tsarin haɗin shine 1/4-36UNS-2 inch zaren. Tsarinsa yayi kama da mai haɗin 3.5mm, ƙarami kawai.
A cikin 1983, babban injiniyan Wiltron William.Old.Field ya haɓaka sabon mai haɗin nau'in 2.92mm/K dangane da taƙaitawa da cin nasara a baya waɗanda aka gabatar da masu haɗin igiyar milimita (mai haɗa nau'in K shine alamar kasuwanci). Diamita mai gudanarwa na ciki na wannan haɗin shine 1.27mm kuma ana iya haɗa shi da masu haɗin SMA da masu haɗin 3.5mm.
Mai haɗin 2.92mm yana da kyakkyawan aikin lantarki a cikin kewayon mitar (0-46) GHz kuma yana dacewa da injina tare da masu haɗin SMA da masu haɗin 3.5mm. Sakamakon haka, cikin sauri ya zama ɗaya daga cikin masu haɗin mmWave da aka fi amfani dashi.
2.4mm Connector
Haɓaka haɗin haɗin 2.4mm tare da HP (wanda ya rigaya na Keysight Technologies), Amphenol da M/A-COM. Ana iya yin la'akari da shi azaman ƙaramin sigar mai haɗin 3.5mm, don haka akwai haɓaka mai girma a matsakaicin mitar. Ana amfani da wannan mai haɗawa sosai a cikin tsarin 50GHz kuma a zahiri yana iya aiki har zuwa 60GHz. Don magance matsalar cewa masu haɗin SMA da 2.92mm suna da haɗari ga lalacewa, an tsara haɗin 2.4mm don kawar da waɗannan gazawar ta hanyar ƙara kauri na bangon waje na mai haɗawa da kuma ƙarfafa fil ɗin mata. Wannan sabon ƙira yana ba da damar mai haɗin 2.4mm don yin aiki da kyau a aikace-aikacen mitoci masu girma.
Haɓaka masu haɗin eriya ya samo asali daga ƙirar zare mai sauƙi zuwa nau'ikan masu haɗawa da yawa. Tare da ci gaban fasaha, masu haɗawa suna ci gaba da bin halaye na ƙananan girman, mita mafi girma da girman bandwidth don saduwa da canje-canjen bukatun sadarwa mara waya. Kowane mai haɗin haɗin yana da halaye na kansa da fa'idodi a cikin yanayin aikace-aikacen daban-daban, don haka zabar mai haɗin eriya daidai yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da inganci da kwanciyar hankali na watsa sigina.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-26-2023
