Haɗin eriya haɗin lantarki ne da ake amfani da shi don haɗa kayan aikin rediyo da kebul. Babban aikinsa shine isar da sigina masu yawan mita.
Mai haɗin yana da kyawawan halaye na daidaita juriya, wanda ke tabbatar da cewa an rage hasken sigina da asara yayin watsawa tsakanin mai haɗin da kebul. Yawanci suna da kyawawan kaddarorin kariya don hana tsangwama ta lantarki ta waje daga shafar ingancin sigina.
Nau'ikan haɗin eriya da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da SMA, BNC, N-type, TNC, da sauransu, waɗanda suka dace da buƙatun aikace-aikace daban-daban.
Wannan labarin zai kuma gabatar muku da wasu mahaɗin da aka saba amfani da su:
Mitar amfani da mai haɗawa
Mai Haɗa SMA
Haɗin haɗin RF na SMA nau'in SMA haɗin haɗin RF/microwave ne wanda Bendix da Omni-Spectra suka tsara a ƙarshen shekarun 1950. Yana ɗaya daga cikin haɗin haɗin da aka fi amfani da su a wancan lokacin.
Da farko, an yi amfani da haɗin SMA akan kebul na coaxial mai tsayin 0.141″, wanda aka fi amfani da shi a aikace-aikacen microwave a masana'antar soja, tare da cika Teflon dielectric.
Saboda haɗin SMA ƙarami ne kuma yana iya aiki a mafi girman mitoci (mita tsakanin DC zuwa 18GHz lokacin da aka haɗa shi da kebul mai tsauri, da kuma DC zuwa 12.4GHz lokacin da aka haɗa shi da kebul mai sassauƙa), yana samun karɓuwa cikin sauri. Wasu kamfanoni yanzu suna iya samar da haɗin SMA a kusa da DC ~ 27GHz. Har ma da haɓaka haɗin raƙuman milimita (kamar 3.5mm, 2.92mm) yana la'akari da dacewa ta injiniya da haɗin SMA.
Mai haɗa SMA
Mai Haɗa BNC
Cikakken sunan mahaɗin BNC shine Bayonet Nut Connector (mahaɗin da aka haɗa da snap-fit, wannan sunan ya bayyana siffar wannan mahaɗin sosai), wanda aka sanya masa suna bayan tsarin kulle bayonet ɗinsa da kuma waɗanda suka ƙirƙira shi Paul Neill da Carl Concelman.
mahaɗin RF ne da aka saba amfani da shi wanda ke rage hasken/ragewar raƙuman ruwa. Ana amfani da mahaɗin BNC a aikace-aikacen ƙananan zuwa matsakaici kuma ana amfani da su sosai a cikin tsarin sadarwa mara waya, talabijin, kayan gwaji, da kayan lantarki na RF.
An kuma yi amfani da haɗin BNC a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar kwamfuta na farko. Haɗin BNC yana goyan bayan mitoci na sigina daga 0 zuwa 4GHz, amma kuma yana iya aiki har zuwa 12GHz idan aka yi amfani da sigar musamman mai inganci wacce aka tsara don wannan mitar. Akwai nau'ikan impedance guda biyu na halaye, wato 50 ohms da 75 ohms. Haɗin BNC na 50 ohms sun fi shahara.
Mai haɗawa na nau'in N
Paul Neal ne ya ƙirƙiro mahaɗin eriya na nau'in N a Bell Labs a shekarun 1940. An ƙera mahaɗin nau'in N ne don biyan buƙatun sojoji da na jiragen sama don haɗa tsarin radar da sauran kayan aikin mitar rediyo. An ƙera mahaɗin nau'in N tare da haɗin zare, yana ba da kyakkyawan daidaiton juriya da aikin kariya, kuma ya dace da amfani da wutar lantarki mai yawa da ƙarancin mita.
Mitar mitar haɗin Type N yawanci ya dogara ne akan takamaiman ƙira da ƙa'idodin masana'antu. Gabaɗaya, masu haɗin N-type na iya rufe kewayon mita daga 0 Hz (DC) zuwa 11 GHz zuwa 18 GHz. Duk da haka, masu haɗin N-type masu inganci na iya tallafawa mafi girman kewayon mita, suna kaiwa sama da 18 GHz. A aikace-aikace na aiki, ana amfani da masu haɗin N-type galibi a cikin aikace-aikacen mita mai sauƙi zuwa matsakaici, kamar sadarwa mara waya, watsa shirye-shirye, sadarwa ta tauraron ɗan adam da tsarin radar.
Mai haɗa nau'in N
Mai Haɗa TNC
Paul Neill da Carl Concelman ne suka ƙirƙiro haɗin TNC (Threaded Neill-Concelman) a farkon shekarun 1960. Sigar haɗin BNC ce da aka inganta kuma tana amfani da hanyar haɗin zare.
Siffar impedance ɗin ita ce 50 ohms, kuma mafi kyawun kewayon mitar aiki shine 0-11GHz. A cikin ma'aunin mitar microwave, masu haɗin TNC suna aiki mafi kyau fiye da masu haɗin BNC. Yana da halaye na juriya mai ƙarfi, aminci mai yawa, kyawawan halayen injiniya da lantarki, da sauransu, kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin kayan aikin rediyo da kayan aikin lantarki don haɗa kebul na coaxial na RF.
Mai Haɗawa 3.5mm
Haɗin 3.5mm haɗin haɗin rediyo ne mai coaxial. Diamita na ciki na mai jagoran waje shine 3.5mm, ƙarfin juriya shine 50Ω, kuma hanyar haɗin shine zare mai inci 1/4-36UNS-2.
A tsakiyar shekarun 1970, kamfanonin Hewlett-Packard da Amphenol na Amurka (wanda Kamfanin HP ya ƙirƙiro galibi, kuma Kamfanin Amphenol ne ya fara samar da su) sun ƙaddamar da mahaɗin 3.5mm, wanda ke da mitar aiki har zuwa 33GHz kuma shine farkon mitar rediyo da za a iya amfani da ita a cikin rukunin raƙuman millimeter. Ɗaya daga cikin mahaɗan coaxial.
Idan aka kwatanta da masu haɗin SMA (gami da "Super SMA" na Southwest Microwave), masu haɗin 3.5mm suna amfani da iska mai dielectric, suna da masu jagoranci na waje masu kauri fiye da masu haɗin SMA, kuma suna da ƙarfi mafi kyau na injiniya. Saboda haka, ba wai kawai aikin lantarki ya fi na masu haɗin SMA kyau ba, har ma da juriya na injiniya da kuma sake maimaita aiki sun fi na masu haɗin SMA girma, wanda hakan ya sa ya fi dacewa a yi amfani da shi a masana'antar gwaji.
Mai Haɗawa 2.92mm
Haɗin 2.92mm, wasu masana'antun suna kiransa mahaɗin 2.9mm ko K-type, wasu masana'antun kuma suna kiransa mahaɗin SMK, KMC, WMP4, da sauransu, mahaɗin coaxial ne na mitar rediyo mai diamita na ciki na 2.92mm. Halaye Haɗin impedance shine 50Ω kuma tsarin haɗin shine zare na inci 1/4-36UNS-2. Tsarinsa yayi kama da mahaɗin 3.5mm, ƙaramin abu ne kawai.
A shekarar 1983, babban injiniyan Wiltron William.Old.Field ya ƙirƙiro sabon mahaɗin nau'in 2.92mm/K bisa ga taƙaitawa da kuma shawo kan mahaɗin raƙuman milimita da aka riga aka fara amfani da su (mahaɗin nau'in K shine alamar kasuwanci). Diamita na ciki na wannan mahaɗin shine 1.27mm kuma ana iya haɗa shi da mahaɗin SMA da mahaɗin 3.5mm.
Haɗin 2.92mm yana da kyakkyawan aikin lantarki a cikin kewayon mita (0-46) GHz kuma yana dacewa da injina tare da haɗin SMA da haɗin 3.5mm. Sakamakon haka, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin haɗin mmWave da aka fi amfani da shi da sauri.
Mai Haɗawa 2.4mm
Kamfanin HP (wanda ya gabaci Keysight Technologies), Amphenol da M/A-COM ne suka gudanar da haɗin 2.4mm tare. Ana iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin ƙaramin sigar haɗin 3.5mm, don haka akwai ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin matsakaicin mita. Ana amfani da wannan haɗin sosai a cikin tsarin 50GHz kuma a zahiri yana iya aiki har zuwa 60GHz. Domin magance matsalar cewa haɗin SMA da 2.92mm suna iya lalacewa, an tsara haɗin 2.4mm don kawar da waɗannan gazawar ta hanyar ƙara kauri na bangon waje na haɗin da kuma ƙarfafa fil ɗin mata. Wannan ƙira mai ƙirƙira tana ba da damar haɗin 2.4mm ya yi aiki mai kyau a aikace-aikacen mita mai yawa.
Ci gaban masu haɗin eriya ya samo asali daga ƙirar zare mai sauƙi zuwa nau'ikan masu haɗin aiki masu yawa. Tare da ci gaban fasaha, masu haɗin suna ci gaba da bin halayen ƙaramin girma, mita mai yawa da babban bandwidth don biyan buƙatun da ke canzawa na sadarwa mara waya. Kowane mai haɗin yana da halaye da fa'idodi nasa a cikin yanayi daban-daban na aikace-aikace, don haka zaɓar mai haɗin eriya mai dacewa yana da matukar muhimmanci don tabbatar da inganci da kwanciyar hankali na watsa sigina.
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-26-2023
