Labarai - Canza makamashi a cikin eriya ta radar

A cikin da'irori ko tsarin microwave, da'irar gaba ɗaya ko tsarin galibi tana ƙunshe da na'urori da yawa na microwave na asali kamar matattara, mahaɗa, masu raba wutar lantarki, da sauransu. Ana fatan ta hanyar waɗannan na'urori, yana yiwuwa a watsa wutar sigina cikin inganci daga wani wuri zuwa wani ba tare da asara mai yawa ba;

A cikin tsarin radar na ababen hawa gaba ɗaya, sauya makamashi ya ƙunshi canja wurin makamashi daga guntu zuwa mai ciyarwa akan allon PCB, canja wurin mai ciyarwa zuwa jikin eriya, da kuma ingantaccen hasken makamashi ta hanyar eriya. A cikin dukkan tsarin canja wurin makamashi, muhimmin sashi shine ƙirar mai juyawa. Masu juyawa a cikin tsarin raƙuman milimita galibi sun haɗa da juyawar microstrip zuwa substrate mai haɗawa da waveguide (SIW), juyawar microstrip zuwa waveguide, juyawar SIW zuwa waveguide, juyawar coaxial zuwa waveguide, juyawar waveguide zuwa waveguide da nau'ikan juyawar waveguide daban-daban. Wannan batu zai mayar da hankali kan ƙirar juyawar microband SIW.

Nau'o'in tsarin sufuri daban-daban

Microstripyana ɗaya daga cikin tsarin jagora da aka fi amfani da shi a ƙananan mitoci na microwave. Babban fa'idodinsa sune tsari mai sauƙi, ƙarancin farashi da haɗin kai mai yawa tare da abubuwan hawa saman. Ana samar da layin microstrip na yau da kullun ta amfani da masu jagoranci a gefe ɗaya na substrate na dielectric Layer, yana samar da jirgin ƙasa ɗaya a ɗayan gefen, tare da iska a samansa. Babban mai jagoranci shine ainihin kayan mai gudanarwa (yawanci jan ƙarfe) wanda aka siffanta shi zuwa kunkuntar waya. Faɗin layi, kauri, izinin dangi, da tangent asarar dielectric na substrate mahimman sigogi ne. Bugu da ƙari, kauri mai jagoran (watau, kauri na ƙarfe) da kuma ikon mai jagoran suma suna da mahimmanci a manyan mitoci. Ta hanyar la'akari da waɗannan sigogi a hankali da amfani da layukan microstrip a matsayin naúrar asali ga wasu na'urori, ana iya tsara na'urori da abubuwan haɗin microwave da aka buga da yawa, kamar matattara, mahaɗa, masu raba wutar lantarki/haɗa wutar lantarki, mahaɗa, da sauransu. Duk da haka yayin da mita ke ƙaruwa (lokacin da ake motsawa zuwa mitoci na microwave masu yawa), asarar watsawa tana ƙaruwa kuma radiation yana faruwa. Saboda haka, ana fifita jagororin bututu masu rami kamar jagororin raƙuman murabba'i saboda ƙananan asara a manyan mitoci (babu radiation). Cikin jagorar raƙuman yawanci iska ce. Amma idan ana so, ana iya cika shi da kayan dielectric, wanda hakan zai ba shi ƙaramin sashe fiye da jagorar raƙuman ruwa mai cike da iskar gas. Duk da haka, jagororin raƙuman bututu masu rami galibi suna da girma, suna iya zama masu nauyi musamman a ƙananan mitoci, suna buƙatar buƙatun masana'antu mafi girma kuma suna da tsada, kuma ba za a iya haɗa su da tsarin da aka buga a sarari ba.

KAYAN ANTENNA NA MICROSTRIP NA RFMISO:

RM-MA25527-22,25.5-27GHz

RM-MA425435-22,4.25-4.35GHz

Ɗayan kuma tsarin jagora ne mai haɗaka tsakanin tsarin microstrip da jagorar waveguide, wanda ake kira substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). SIW tsari ne mai kama da jagorar waveguide wanda aka ƙera akan kayan dielectric, tare da masu jagoranci a sama da ƙasa da kuma jerin layi na ƙarfe biyu waɗanda ke samar da bangon gefe. Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin microstrip da jagorar waveguide, SIW yana da inganci mai kyau, yana da sauƙin sarrafawa, kuma ana iya haɗa shi da na'urorin planar. Bugu da ƙari, aikin a manyan mitoci ya fi na tsarin microstrip kyau kuma yana da kaddarorin watsawa na jagorar waveguide. Kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 1;

Jagororin Tsarin SIW

Jagororin raƙuman ruwa masu haɗe-haɗe (SIWs) gine-gine ne masu kama da jagororin raƙuman ruwa waɗanda aka ƙera ta amfani da layuka biyu na ƙarfe vias da aka saka a cikin wani dielectric wanda ke haɗa faranti biyu masu layi ɗaya. Layukan ƙarfe ta cikin ramuka suna samar da bangon gefe. Wannan tsari yana da halayen layukan microstrip da jagororin raƙuman ruwa. Tsarin kera shi ma yayi kama da sauran gine-ginen da aka buga. An nuna yanayin SIW na yau da kullun a cikin Hoto na 2.1, inda aka yi amfani da faɗinsa (watau rabuwa tsakanin vias a gefen hanya (as)), diamita na vias (d) da tsawon sautin (p) don tsara tsarin SIW. Za a yi bayani game da mahimman sigogi na geometric (wanda aka nuna a Hoto na 2.1) a sashe na gaba. Lura cewa yanayin da ya fi rinjaye shine TE10, kamar jagorar raƙuman ruwa mai kusurwa huɗu. Alaƙar da ke tsakanin mitar yankewa fc na jagororin raƙuman ruwa masu cike da iska (AFWG) da jagororin raƙuman ruwa masu cike da dielectric (DFWG) da girma a da b shine batu na farko na ƙirar SIW. Ga jagororin raƙuman ruwa masu cike da iska, mitar yankewa kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin dabarar da ke ƙasa

Tsarin SIW na asali da dabarar lissafi[1]

inda c shine saurin haske a cikin sararin samaniya kyauta, m da n sune yanayi, a shine tsawon girman jagorar igiyar ruwa, kuma b shine gajeriyar girman jagorar igiyar ruwa. Lokacin da jagorar igiyar ruwa ke aiki a yanayin TE10, ana iya sauƙaƙe shi zuwa fc=c/2a; lokacin da jagorar igiyar ruwa ta cika da dielectric, ana ƙididdige tsawon gefen a ta hanyar ad=a/Sqrt(εr), inda εr shine madaidaicin dielectric na matsakaici; domin sanya SIW yayi aiki a yanayin TE10, tazarar ramin ta hanyar p, diamita d da gefen fadi kamar yadda yakamata ya cika dabarar da ke saman dama na hoton da ke ƙasa, kuma akwai dabarun gwaji na d<λg da p<2d [2];

inda λg shine tsawon raƙuman ruwa mai jagora: A lokaci guda, kauri na substrate ba zai shafi ƙirar girman SIW ba, amma zai shafi asarar tsarin, don haka ya kamata a yi la'akari da fa'idodin ƙarancin asara na substrates masu kauri sosai.

Canza Microstrip zuwa SIW
Lokacin da ake buƙatar haɗa tsarin microstrip zuwa SIW, canjin microstrip mai tauraro yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin sauyawa da aka fi so, kuma canjin mai tauraro yawanci yana ba da daidaiton broadband idan aka kwatanta da sauran canjin da aka buga. Tsarin sauyawa mai kyau yana da ƙarancin tunani, kuma asarar shigarwa galibi yana faruwa ne sakamakon asarar dielectric da conductor. Zaɓin kayan substrate da conductor galibi yana ƙayyade asarar canjin. Tunda kauri na substrate yana hana faɗin layin microstrip, ya kamata a daidaita sigogi na canjin mai tauraro lokacin da kauri na substrate ya canza. Wani nau'in jagorar waveguide na ƙasa (GCPW) shi ma tsarin layin watsawa ne da ake amfani da shi sosai a cikin tsarin mita mai yawa. Conductors na gefe kusa da layin watsawa na tsakiya suma suna aiki azaman ƙasa. Ta hanyar daidaita faɗin babban mai ciyarwa da rata zuwa ƙasan gefe, ana iya samun impedance na halayyar da ake buƙata.

Microstrip zuwa SIW da GCPW zuwa SIW

Hoton da ke ƙasa misali ne na ƙirar microstrip zuwa SIW. Matsakaici da aka yi amfani da shi shine Rogers3003, ma'aunin dielectric shine 3.0, ƙimar asara ta gaske shine 0.001, kuma kauri shine 0.127mm. Faɗin mai ciyarwa a ƙarshen biyu shine 0.28mm, wanda ya dace da faɗin mai ciyarwa ta eriya. Diamita na ramin da ke ratsawa shine d=0.4mm, da kuma tazara p=0.6mm. Girman kwaikwayon shine 50mm*12mm*0.127mm. Jimillar asara a cikin madaurin wucewa shine kusan 1.5dB (wanda za'a iya ƙara ragewa ta hanyar inganta tazara mai faɗi).