Eriya na microwave suna canza siginar lantarki zuwa raƙuman lantarki (da kuma akasin haka) ta amfani da tsarin da aka tsara daidai. Aikinsu ya dogara ne akan manyan ƙa'idodi guda uku:
1. Canjin Wave na Electromagnetic
Yanayin Watsawa:
Siginar RF daga mai watsawa tana tafiya ta nau'ikan mahaɗin eriya (misali, SMA, nau'in N) zuwa wurin ciyarwa. Abubuwan da ke sarrafa eriya (ƙaho/dipoles) suna siffanta raƙuman ruwa zuwa hasken alkibla.
Yanayin karɓa:
Lamarin raƙuman EM suna haifar da kwararar ruwa a cikin eriya, suna mayar da su zuwa siginar lantarki ga mai karɓa
2. Gudanar da Kai tsaye da Kula da Hasken Radiation
Tsarin kai tsaye na eriya yana auna yadda hasken ke mayar da hankali. Eriya mai saurin kai tsaye (misali, ƙaho) tana tattara kuzari a cikin ƙananan lobes, wanda ke ƙarƙashin:
Kai tsaye (dBi) ≈ 10 log₁₀(4πA/λ²)
Inda A = yankin buɗewa, λ = tsawon rai.
Kayayyakin eriya na microwave kamar parabolic dishes suna kaiwa ga >30 dBi kai tsaye don hanyoyin haɗin tauraron dan adam.
3. Muhimman Abubuwan da Suka Shafi Rayuwa
| Bangaren | aiki | Misali |
|---|---|---|
| Sinadarin Haske | Yana canza makamashin lantarki-EM | Faci, dipole, rami |
| Cibiyar Ciyarwa | Jagorar raƙuman ruwa tare da ƙarancin asara | Jagorar raƙuman ruwa, layin microstrip |
| Abubuwan da ba su da amfani | Inganta daidaiton sigina | Masu sauya lokaci, masu canza polarizers |
| Masu haɗawa | Haɗi tare da layukan watsawa | 2.92mm (40GHz), 7/16 (Babban Pwr) |
4. Tsarin Musamman na Yawan Lokaci
<6 GHz: Eriya ta Microstrip tana mamaye girman da ba a saba gani ba.
> 18 GHz: Ƙahonin Waveguide sun yi fice don ƙarancin asara.
Muhimmin Ma'ana: Daidaita impedance a cikin haɗin eriya yana hana tunani (VSWR <1.5).
Aikace-aikacen Duniya ta Gaske:
Babban MIMO na 5G: Jerin Microstrip tare da abubuwan da ba sa aiki don tuƙi.
Tsarin Radar: Babban aikin eriya yana tabbatar da ingantaccen bin diddigin manufa.
Sadarwar Tauraron Dan Adam: Masu haskakawa na Parabolic suna samun ingantaccen buɗewa kashi 99%.
Kammalawa: Eriya na microwave sun dogara ne akan sautin lantarki, nau'in haɗin eriya mai daidaito, da kuma ingantaccen tsarin eriya don watsa/karɓar sigina. Kayayyakin eriya na microwave na zamani suna haɗa abubuwan da ba sa aiki don rage asara da kuma haɓaka kewayon.
Don ƙarin koyo game da eriya, da fatan za a ziyarci:
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-15-2025
