Tare da karuwar shaharar na'urorin mara waya, sabis na bayanai sun shiga wani sabon lokaci na haɓaka cikin sauri, wanda kuma aka sani da haɓakar haɓakar ayyukan bayanai. A halin yanzu, da yawa daga cikin aikace-aikacen suna yin ƙaura sannu a hankali daga kwamfutoci zuwa na'urori marasa waya irin su wayoyin hannu masu sauƙin ɗauka da aiki a ainihin lokacin, amma wannan yanayin ya haifar da haɓakar zirga-zirgar bayanai cikin sauri da kuma ƙarancin albarkatun bandwidth. . Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, adadin bayanai a kasuwa na iya kaiwa Gbps ko ma Tbps a cikin shekaru 10 zuwa 15 masu zuwa. A halin yanzu, sadarwar THz ta kai adadin bayanai na Gbps, yayin da adadin bayanan Tbps har yanzu yana cikin farkon matakan haɓakawa. Takardar da ke da alaƙa ta jera sabon ci gaba a cikin ƙimar bayanan Gbps dangane da band ɗin THz kuma yana annabta cewa ana iya samun Tbps ta hanyar haɓakar polarization. Don haka, don haɓaka ƙimar watsa bayanai, mafita mai yuwuwar ita ce haɓaka sabon rukunin mitar, wanda shine rukunin terahertz, wanda ke cikin “yanki mara kyau” tsakanin microwaves da hasken infrared. A taron ITU World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-19) a cikin 2019, an yi amfani da kewayon mitar 275-450GHz don kafaffen sabis na wayar hannu. Ana iya ganin tsarin sadarwa mara waya ta terahertz ya ja hankalin masu bincike da dama.
Terahertz electromagnetic taguwar ruwa gabaɗaya ana bayyana su azaman rukunin mitar 0.1-10THz (1THz=1012Hz) tare da tsayin raƙuman ruwa na 0.03-3 mm. Dangane da ma'auni na IEEE, an bayyana raƙuman ruwa na terahertz azaman 0.3-10THz. Hoto na 1 ya nuna cewa mitar terahertz tana tsakanin microwaves da hasken infrared.
Hoto 1 Tsarin tsari na rukunin mitar THz.
Ci gaban Terahertz Eriya
Kodayake binciken terahertz ya fara ne a cikin karni na 19, ba a yi nazarinsa a matsayin filin mai zaman kansa ba a lokacin. Binciken da aka yi akan radiation terahertz an fi mayar da hankali ne akan rukunin infrared mai nisa. Sai daga tsakiyar karni zuwa ƙarshen karni na 20 ne masu bincike suka fara haɓaka binciken igiyar ruwa na millimeter zuwa rukunin terahertz tare da gudanar da bincike na fasaha na musamman na terahertz.
A cikin 1980s, fitowar tushen terahertz radiation ya sa aikace-aikacen terahertz taguwar ruwa a cikin tsarin aiki mai yiwuwa. Tun daga karni na 21, fasahar sadarwa ta wayar tarho ta bunkasa cikin sauri, kuma bukatar mutane na neman bayanai da karuwar kayayyakin sadarwa sun gabatar da bukatu masu tsauri kan yawan isar da bayanan sadarwa. Don haka, daya daga cikin kalubalen fasahar sadarwa a nan gaba shi ne yin aiki da yawan bayanai na gigabits a cikin dakika daya a wuri daya. A karkashin ci gaban tattalin arziki na yanzu, albarkatun bakan sun ƙara ƙaranci. Koyaya, buƙatun ɗan adam don ƙarfin sadarwa da sauri ba su da iyaka. Don matsalar cunkoson bakan, kamfanoni da yawa suna amfani da fasahar shigar da abubuwa da yawa (MIMO) don haɓaka ingantaccen bakan da ƙarfin tsarin ta hanyar haɓaka sararin samaniya. Tare da ci gaban hanyoyin sadarwar 5G, saurin haɗin bayanan kowane mai amfani zai wuce Gbps, kuma zirga-zirgar bayanan tashoshin tushe kuma za ta ƙaru sosai. Don tsarin sadarwar igiyar ruwa na millimita na gargajiya, hanyoyin haɗin microwave ba za su iya ɗaukar waɗannan manyan rafukan bayanai ba. Bugu da kari, saboda tasirin layin gani, nisan isar da isar da sako na infrared bai dade da kayyade wurin da kayan sadarwarsa suke. Don haka, ana iya amfani da igiyoyin THz, waɗanda ke tsakanin microwaves da infrared, don gina tsarin sadarwa mai sauri da haɓaka ƙimar watsa bayanai ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin haɗin THz.
Terahertz tãguwar ruwa na iya samar da faffadan bandwidth na sadarwa, kuma mitar sa ta kusan sau 1000 fiye da na sadarwar wayar hannu. Sabili da haka, yin amfani da THz don gina tsarin sadarwar mara waya mai sauri mai sauri shine mafita mai ban sha'awa ga kalubale na yawan adadin bayanai, wanda ya jawo sha'awar ƙungiyoyin bincike da masana'antu da yawa. A cikin watan Satumba na 2017, an fito da ma'auni na sadarwa mara waya ta THz na farko IEEE 802.15.3d-2017, wanda ke ma'anar musayar bayanai-da-aya a cikin ƙananan mitar THz na 252-325 GHz. Madaidaicin Layer na jiki (PHY) na hanyar haɗin yanar gizon zai iya cimma ƙimar bayanai har zuwa 100 Gbps a bandwidth daban-daban.
An kafa tsarin sadarwa na THz na farko na 0.12 THH cikin nasara a cikin 2004, kuma tsarin sadarwa na THz na 0.3 THZ ya kasance a cikin 2013. Table 1 ya lissafa ci gaban bincike na tsarin sadarwar terahertz a Japan daga 2004 zuwa 2013.
Tebur 1 Ci gaban bincike na tsarin sadarwa na terahertz a Japan daga 2004 zuwa 2013
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT) ya bayyana dalla-dalla dalla-dalla tsarin tsarin eriya na tsarin sadarwa da aka haɓaka a 2004.
Hoto 2 Tsarin tsari na tsarin sadarwa mara waya ta NTT 120 GHz na Japan
Tsarin yana haɗa canjin hoto da eriya kuma yana ɗaukar yanayin aiki guda biyu:
1. A cikin mahalli na kusa-kusa, mai watsa eriyar shirin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin gida ya ƙunshi guntu mai ɗaukar hoto guda ɗaya (UTC-PD), eriyar ramin shirin da ruwan tabarau na silicon, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 2(a).
2. A cikin yanayi mai nisa na waje, don haɓaka tasirin babban asarar watsawa da ƙarancin hankali na mai ganowa, eriyar mai watsawa dole ne ta sami babban riba. Eriyar terahertz data kasance tana amfani da ruwan tabarau na gani na Gaussian tare da riba fiye da 50 dBi. An nuna ƙahon ciyarwa da haɗin ruwan tabarau na dielectric a hoto na 2(b).
Baya ga haɓaka tsarin sadarwa na 0.12 THz, NTT kuma ya haɓaka tsarin sadarwa na 0.3THz a cikin 2012. Ta hanyar inganta haɓakawa da ci gaba, yawan watsawa zai iya kaiwa 100Gbps. Kamar yadda ake iya gani daga Table 1, ya ba da babbar gudummawa ga ci gaban sadarwar terahertz. Duk da haka, aikin bincike na yanzu yana da rashin lahani na ƙananan mitar aiki, girman girman da tsada.
Yawancin eriya na terahertz da ake amfani da su a halin yanzu ana gyara su daga eriyar igiyar ruwa ta millimita, kuma akwai ƙaramin ƙima a cikin eriyar terahertz. Don haka, don haɓaka aikin tsarin sadarwa na terahertz, aiki mai mahimmanci shine haɓaka eriyar terahertz. Shafin 2 ya lissafa ci gaban bincike na sadarwar THz ta Jamus. Hoto na 3 (a) yana nuna tsarin sadarwar mara waya ta THz mai wakiltar wanda ya haɗa photonics da na'urorin lantarki. Hoto na 3 (b) yana nuna wurin gwajin rami na iska. Yin la'akari da halin da ake ciki na bincike a Jamus, bincikensa da ci gabansa yana da lahani kamar ƙananan mitar aiki, tsada mai tsada da ƙarancin inganci.
Tebur 2 Ci gaban bincike na sadarwar THz a Jamus
Hoto 3 Wurin gwajin rami na iska
Cibiyar CSIRO ICT ta kuma fara bincike kan tsarin sadarwa mara waya ta cikin gida na THz. Cibiyar ta yi nazari kan alakar da ke tsakanin shekara da mitar sadarwa, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 4. Kamar yadda ake iya gani daga Hoto na 4, nan da shekarar 2020, bincike kan hanyoyin sadarwa mara igiyar waya yana da nasaba da rukunin THz. Matsakaicin mitar sadarwa ta amfani da bakan rediyo yana ƙaruwa kusan sau goma duk shekara ashirin. Cibiyar ta ba da shawarwari kan buƙatun eriya na THz da eriya na gargajiya kamar ƙaho da ruwan tabarau don tsarin sadarwa na THz. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 5, eriya biyu na ƙaho suna aiki a 0.84THz da 1.7THz bi da bi, tare da tsari mai sauƙi da kyakkyawan aikin katako na Gaussian.
Hoto 4 Dangantaka tsakanin shekara da mita
RM-BDHA818-20A
Saukewa: RM-DCPHA105145-20
Hoto na 5 Iri biyu na eriyar ƙaho
{Asar Amirka ta gudanar da bincike mai zurfi game da hayaki da gano raƙuman ruwa na terahertz. Shahararrun dakunan gwaje-gwajen bincike na terahertz sun hada da dakin gwaje-gwaje na Jet Propulsion (JPL), Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), Laboratory National US (LLNL), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), National Science Foundation (NSF), da sauransu. An ƙera sabbin eriya na terahertz don aikace-aikacen terahertz, kamar eriyar bowtie da eriyar tuƙi mai mitar katako. Dangane da haɓaka eriyar terahertz, za mu iya samun ra'ayoyin ƙira guda uku don eriyar terahertz a halin yanzu, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 6.
Hoto 6 Ra'ayoyin ƙira na asali guda uku don eriyar terahertz
Binciken da aka yi a sama ya nuna cewa ko da yake ƙasashe da yawa sun mai da hankali sosai ga eriya terahertz, har yanzu yana kan matakin bincike da haɓakawa na farko. Saboda babban asarar yaɗuwa da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, eriya ta THz yawanci ana iyakance ta ta nisan watsawa da ɗaukar hoto. Wasu nazarin suna mayar da hankali kan ƙananan mitoci masu aiki a cikin ƙungiyar THz. Binciken eriya na yanzu na terahertz ya fi mai da hankali kan haɓaka riba ta amfani da eriyar ruwan tabarau dielectric, da sauransu, da haɓaka ingantaccen sadarwa ta amfani da algorithms masu dacewa. Bugu da kari, yadda za a inganta ingantaccen marufi na eriya na terahertz shima lamari ne na gaggawa.
Antenna na THz na gabaɗaya
Akwai nau'ikan eriya na THz da yawa da ake samu: eriyar dipole tare da cavities conical, arrays na nunin kusurwa, bowtie dipoles, dielectric lens planar eriyas, eriya mai ɗaukar hoto don samar da tushen tushen THz, eriya na ƙaho, eriyar THz dangane da kayan graphene, da sauransu. kayan da aka yi amfani da su don yin eriya na THz, ana iya raba su kusan zuwa eriyar ƙarfe (mafi yawan eriyar ƙaho), eriyar dielectric (eriyar ruwan tabarau), da sabbin eriyar kayan aiki. Wannan sashe na farko yana ba da bincike na farko na waɗannan eriya, sannan a cikin sashe na gaba, an gabatar da eriya ta THz guda biyar dalla-dalla kuma an bincika su cikin zurfi.
1. Karfe eriya
Eriyar ƙahon eriyar ƙarfe ce ta yau da kullun wacce aka ƙera don yin aiki a cikin rukunin THz. Eriya na mai karɓar raƙuman ruwa na millimita ƙaho ne. Corrugated da dual-mode eriya suna da fa'idodi da yawa, gami da tsarin jujjuyawar jujjuyawar juzu'i, babban riba na 20 zuwa 30 dBi da ƙarancin giciye-30 dB, da ingantaccen haɗin kai na 97% zuwa 98%. Wuraren bandwidth da ake samu na eriyar ƙaho biyu sune 30% -40% da 6% -8%, bi da bi.
Tunda yawan igiyoyin terahertz suna da yawa sosai, girman eriyar ƙahon ƙanƙara ce, wanda ke sa sarrafa ƙahon ke da wahala sosai, musamman wajen ƙirar eriya, da sarƙaƙƙiyar fasahar sarrafa na'urar yana haifar da tsadar gaske da tsadar gaske. iyakance samarwa. Saboda wahala wajen kera ƙasan ƙaho mai sarƙaƙƙiya, ana amfani da eriyar ƙaho mai sauƙi a cikin nau'i na ƙaho na conical ko conical, wanda zai iya rage tsada da rikitarwa, kuma ana iya kiyaye aikin radiation na eriya. da kyau.
Wani eriyar ƙarfe kuma eriyar pyramid ce mai tafiya, wacce ta ƙunshi eriyar igiyar igiyar ruwa da aka haɗa a kan fim ɗin dielectric 1.2 micron kuma an dakatar da shi a cikin wani rami mai tsayi wanda aka kwatankwaci akan wafer silicon, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 7. Wannan eriyar buɗaɗɗen tsari ne wanda shine masu jituwa tare da Schottky diodes. Saboda tsarin sa mai sauƙi da ƙananan buƙatun masana'antu, ana iya amfani da shi gabaɗaya a maƙallan mitar sama da 0.6 Hz. Koyaya, matakin sidelobe da matakin giciye-polarization na eriya suna da girma, mai yiwuwa saboda buɗaɗɗen tsarin sa. Don haka, ingancin haɗin gwiwar sa yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi (kimanin 50%).
Hoto 7 Eriyar pyramidal kalaman tafiya
2. Dielectric eriya
Eriyar dielectric haɗe ne na ma'aunin wutar lantarki da radiyon eriya. Ta hanyar ƙirar da ta dace, eriyar dielectric na iya cimma daidaituwa tare da mai ganowa, kuma yana da fa'idodin tsari mai sauƙi, haɗin kai mai sauƙi, da ƙarancin farashi. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masu bincike sun ƙirƙira ƙunƙuntattun eriya na gefen-wuta da yawa waɗanda za su iya dacewa da ƙananan masu gano rashin ƙarfi na eriyar terahertz dielectric: eriyar malam buɗe ido, eriya mai siffar U-biyu, eriyar log-periodic, da eriyar sinusoidal log-periodic, kamar yadda wanda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 8. Bugu da ƙari, za a iya ƙirƙira mafi hadaddun geometries eriya ta hanyar algorithms na kwayoyin halitta.
Hoto 8 Nau'o'i huɗu na eriya na tsarawa
Koyaya, tunda an haɗa eriyar dielectric tare da madaidaicin dielectric, tasirin igiyar ruwa zai faru lokacin da mitar ke kula da band ɗin THz. Wannan mummunan lahani zai haifar da eriya ta yi asarar makamashi mai yawa yayin aiki kuma ya haifar da raguwa mai mahimmanci a cikin tasirin radiation na eriya. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoto na 9, lokacin da kusurwar radiation eriya ta fi girman kusurwar yankewa, ƙarfinsa yana tsare a cikin ma'auni na dielectric kuma an haɗa shi tare da yanayin substrate.
Hoto 9 Tasirin igiyar ruwa ta Eriya
Yayin da kauri na substrate ke ƙaruwa, adadin manyan hanyoyin haɓaka yana ƙaruwa, kuma haɗakarwa tsakanin eriya da substrate yana ƙaruwa, yana haifar da asarar kuzari. Don raunana tasirin igiyar ruwa, akwai tsare-tsaren ingantawa guda uku:
1) Load da ruwan tabarau a kan eriya don haɓaka riba ta amfani da halayen haɓakar igiyoyin lantarki.
2) Rage kauri daga cikin substrate don murkushe samar da manyan oda na igiyoyin lantarki.
3) Maye gurbin kayan aikin dielectric na substrate tare da ratar band na lantarki (EBG). Halayen tacewa na sararin samaniya na EBG na iya murkushe manyan tsari.
3. Sabbin eriya
Baya ga eriya biyu da ke sama, akwai kuma eriyar terahertz da aka yi da sabbin kayayyaki. Misali, a cikin 2006, Jin Hao et al. ya ba da shawarar eriya na nanotube dipole. Kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 10 (a), an yi dipole ne da carbon nanotubes maimakon kayan ƙarfe. Ya yi nazarin infrared a hankali da kaddarorin gani na eriyar nanotube dipole na carbon nanotube kuma ya tattauna gabaɗayan halaye na eriyar ƙarancin carbon nanotube dipole mai iyaka, kamar ƙarancin shigarwa, rarrabawa na yanzu, riba, inganci da ƙirar radiation. Hoto na 10 (b) yana nuna alakar da ke tsakanin abin shigar shigar da mitar eriyar nanotube dipole na carbon nanotube. Kamar yadda ake iya gani a cikin hoto na 10(b), ɓangarorin da aka zayyana na impedance na shigarwa yana da sifili da yawa a mafi girman mitoci. Wannan yana nuna cewa eriya na iya samun raɗaɗi da yawa a mitoci daban-daban. A bayyane yake, eriyar carbon nanotube tana nuna sauti a cikin takamaiman kewayon mitar (ƙananan mitoci na THz), amma gaba ɗaya baya iya murɗawa a wajen wannan kewayon.
Hoto na 10 (a) Eriya ta Carbon nanotube dipole. (b) Matsakaicin madaidaicin shigar da impedance
A cikin 2012, Samir F. Mahmoud da Ayed R. AlAjmi sun ba da shawarar sabon tsarin eriya na terahertz wanda ya dogara da carbon nanotubes, wanda ya ƙunshi gungu na nanotubes na carbon nanotubes nannade cikin nau'ikan dielectric guda biyu. Layin dielectric na ciki shine Layer kumfa mai dielectric, kuma na waje dielectric Layer Layer na metamaterial ne. An nuna takamaiman tsari a cikin Hoto 11. Ta hanyar gwaji, an inganta aikin radiation na eriya idan aka kwatanta da carbon nanotubes mai bango guda ɗaya.
Hoto 11 Sabuwar eriya ta terahertz dangane da carbon nanotubes
Sabbin eriyar terahertz da aka gabatar a sama galibi masu girma uku ne. Don haɓaka bandwidth na eriya da yin eriya masu dacewa, eriyar graphene planar sun sami kulawa sosai. Graphene yana da kyawawan halaye na ci gaba mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi kuma yana iya haifar da plasma na sama ta daidaita wutar lantarki. Ruwan plasma na saman yana kasancewa akan mu'amala tsakanin ingantattun ma'auni na dielectric akai-akai (kamar Si, SiO2, da dai sauransu) da kuma ƙarancin dielectric akai-akai (kamar ƙarfe masu daraja, graphene, da sauransu). Akwai adadi mai yawa na "electrons kyauta" a cikin masu gudanarwa kamar karafa masu daraja da graphene. Wadannan electrons masu kyauta ana kiran su plasmas. Saboda yanayin yuwuwar filin da ke cikin jagorar, waɗannan plasmas suna cikin kwanciyar hankali kuma duniyar waje ba ta damu ba. Lokacin da abin da ya faru na wutar lantarki na lantarki ya haɗu da waɗannan plasmas, plasmas za su karkata daga daidaitaccen yanayin kuma suyi rawar jiki. Bayan jujjuyawa, yanayin lantarki yana haifar da igiyar maganadisu mai jujjuyawa a wurin mu'amala. Dangane da bayanin alaƙar watsawar plasma na ƙarfe ta samfurin Drude, karafa ba za su iya haɗe tare da igiyoyin lantarki ba a cikin sarari kyauta kuma su canza kuzari. Wajibi ne a yi amfani da wasu kayan don tada igiyoyin jini na saman. Raƙuman ruwan plasma na saman yana ruɓe cikin sauri a cikin layi ɗaya na hanyar haɗin ƙarfe-substrate. Lokacin da mai sarrafa karfe ya jagoranci a cikin hanyar da aka kai tsaye zuwa saman, tasirin fata yana faruwa. Babu shakka, saboda ƙananan girman eriya, akwai tasirin fata a cikin babban rukunin mitar, wanda ke sa aikin eriya ya ragu sosai kuma ba zai iya biyan buƙatun eriya na terahertz ba. Filayen plasmon na graphene ba wai kawai yana da ƙarfin ɗauri mafi girma da ƙarancin asara ba, har ma yana tallafawa ci gaba da kunna wutar lantarki. Bugu da kari, graphene yana da hadaddun tafiyarwa a cikin rukunin terahertz. Don haka, jinkirin yaɗa igiyoyin ruwa yana da alaƙa da yanayin plasma a mitocin terahertz. Waɗannan halayen suna nuna cikakkiyar yuwuwar graphene don maye gurbin kayan ƙarfe a cikin rukunin terahertz.
Dangane da yanayin polarization na plasmons na graphene, Hoto 12 yana nuna sabon nau'in eriyar tsiri, kuma yana ba da shawarar sifar bandeji na halayen haɓakar raƙuman plasma a cikin graphene. Ƙirƙirar bandungiyar eriya mai kunnawa tana ba da sabuwar hanya don nazarin halayen yaduwa na sabbin eriyar terahertz.
Hoto 12 Sabuwar eriya tsiri
Baya ga binciken naúrar sabbin abubuwa na eriya na terahertz, eriya na graphene nanopatch terahertz kuma ana iya ƙirƙira su azaman tsararraki don gina tsarin sadarwa na eriya mai yawan shigarwa da yawa na terahertz. Ana nuna tsarin eriya a cikin Hoto na 13. Dangane da keɓaɓɓen kaddarorin eriya na graphene nanopatch, abubuwan eriya suna da ma'auni na micron. Tushen tururi na sinadari kai tsaye yana haɗa hotunan graphene daban-daban akan ƙaramin nickel na bakin ciki kuma yana tura su zuwa kowane yanki. Ta hanyar zabar adadin abubuwan da suka dace da kuma canza ƙarfin wutar lantarki na son rai, ana iya canza jagorancin radiation yadda ya kamata, yana sa tsarin sake daidaitawa.
Hoto 13 Tsarin eriya na Graphene nanopatch terahertz
Binciken sabbin kayayyaki sabon alkibla ne. Ana sa ran sabbin kayan aikin za su karya ta iyakokin eriya na gargajiya da haɓaka sabbin eriya iri-iri, kamar su metamaterials da za a sake daidaita su, kayan mai girma biyu (2D), da sauransu. Duk da haka, irin wannan eriya galibi ya dogara ne akan sabbin sabbin eriya. kayan aiki da ci gaban fasaha na tsari. A kowane hali, haɓaka eriya na terahertz yana buƙatar sabbin kayan aiki, ainihin fasahar sarrafawa da tsarin ƙira don saduwa da babban riba, ƙarancin farashi da buƙatun bandwidth na eriyar terahertz.
Mai zuwa yana gabatar da ƙa'idodin asali na nau'ikan eriya na terahertz guda uku: eriyar ƙarfe, eriyar dielectric da sabbin eriyar kayan aiki, da kuma nazarin bambance-bambancen su da fa'idodi da rashin amfani.
1. Ƙarfe eriya: Geometry yana da sauƙi, mai sauƙin sarrafawa, ƙananan farashi, da ƙananan buƙatu don kayan kayan aiki. Koyaya, eriya na ƙarfe suna amfani da hanyar injina don daidaita matsayin eriya, wanda ke da saurin kamuwa da kurakurai. Idan daidaitawar ba daidai ba ne, aikin eriya zai ragu sosai. Ko da yake eriyar ƙarfe tana da ƙanƙanta a girman, yana da wuya a haɗa tare da da'ira mai tsari.
2. Dielectric eriya: Dielectric eriya yana da ƙarancin shigarwar shigarwa, yana da sauƙi don daidaitawa tare da ƙananan mai gano impedance, kuma yana da sauƙi don haɗawa tare da tsarin tsarawa. Siffofin geometric na eriyar dielectric sun haɗa da siffar malam buɗe ido, siffar U biyu, siffar logarithmic na al'ada da siffar sine na logarithmic lokaci-lokaci. Koyaya, eriya dielectric suma suna da aibi mai kisa, wato tasirin igiyar ruwan saman da ke haifar da kauri mai kauri. Maganin shine a ɗora ruwan tabarau da maye gurbin dielectric substrate tare da tsarin EBG. Dukansu mafita suna buƙatar ƙirƙira da ci gaba da haɓaka fasahar tsari da kayan aiki, amma kyakkyawan aikinsu (kamar kowane jagora da kuma kawar da igiyar ruwa) na iya ba da sabbin dabaru don binciken eriya na terahertz.
3. Sabbin eriya na kayan abu: A halin yanzu, sabbin eriya na dipole da aka yi da carbon nanotubes da sabbin tsarin eriya da aka yi da sinadarai sun bayyana. Sabbin kayan aiki na iya kawo sabbin nasarorin aiki, amma jigo shine ƙirƙirar kimiyyar kayan aiki. A halin yanzu, bincike kan sabbin eriya na kayan aiki har yanzu yana kan matakin bincike, kuma yawancin fasahohin fasaha da yawa ba su cika ba.
A taƙaice, ana iya zaɓar nau'ikan eriyar terahertz daban-daban bisa ga buƙatun ƙira:
1) Idan ana buƙatar ƙira mai sauƙi da ƙarancin samarwa, ana iya zaɓar eriya na ƙarfe.
2) Idan ana buƙatar babban haɗin kai da ƙarancin shigarwar shigarwa, ana iya zaɓar eriya ta dielectric.
3) Idan ana buƙatar ci gaba a cikin aiki, ana iya zaɓar sabbin eriya ta kayan aiki.
Hakanan za'a iya daidaita ƙirar da ke sama bisa ga takamaiman buƙatu. Misali, ana iya haɗa nau'ikan eriya guda biyu don samun ƙarin fa'ida, amma hanyar haɗuwa da fasahar ƙira dole ne su cika buƙatu masu tsauri.
Don ƙarin koyo game da eriya, da fatan za a ziyarci:
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-02-2024
