Polarization yana ɗaya daga cikin ainihin halayen eriya. Da farko muna buƙatar fahimtar polarization na igiyoyin jirgin sama. Daga nan za mu iya tattauna manyan nau'ikan polarization na eriya.
m polarization
Za mu fara fahimtar polarization na jirgin sama na lantarki.
Kalaman lantarki na planar (EM) yana da halaye da yawa. Na farko shi ne cewa wutar tana tafiya ta hanya ɗaya (babu wani filin da zai canza a cikin kwatance biyu na orthogonal). Na biyu, filin lantarki da filin maganadisu sun kasance daidai da juna kuma suna yin daidai da juna. Filayen lantarki da na maganadisu suna daidai da alkiblar yaduwar igiyar jirgin sama. A matsayin misali, la'akari da filin lantarki mai mita guda ɗaya (Filin E) wanda aka bayar ta hanyar lissafi (1). Filin lantarki yana tafiya ta hanyar +z. Ana jagorantar filin lantarki ta hanyar +x. Filin maganadisu yana cikin shugabanci +y.
A cikin lissafin (1), kiyaye bayanin: . Wannan nau'in vector ne (vector na tsayi), wanda ke cewa ma'aunin filin lantarki yana cikin shugabanci x. An kwatanta kalaman jirgin a hoto na 1.
adadi 1. Hoton hoto na filin lantarki da ke tafiya a cikin +z shugabanci.
Polarization shine alama da sifar yaduwa (kwankwasa) na filin lantarki. Misali, la'akari da ma'aunin filin lantarki na jirgin sama (1). Za mu lura da matsayi inda filin lantarki yake (X, Y, Z) = (0,0,0) a matsayin aikin lokaci. An tsara girman wannan filin a cikin hoto na 2, a lokuta da yawa a cikin lokaci. Filin yana murzawa a mitar "F".
adadi 2. Kula da filin lantarki (X, Y, Z) = (0,0,0) a lokuta daban-daban.
Ana ganin filin lantarki a asalinsa, yana jujjuyawa baya da gaba cikin girma. Filin lantarki koyaushe yana tare da alamar x-axis. Tun da yake ana kiyaye filin lantarki tare da layi ɗaya, wannan filin za a iya cewa yana da layi. Bugu da ƙari, idan axis X yana layi ɗaya da ƙasa, wannan filin kuma ana siffanta shi azaman polarized a kwance. Idan filin ya daidaita tare da axis Y, za a iya cewa igiyar ruwa ta zama polarized a tsaye.
Raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman ruwa na layi ba ya buƙatar a jagorance su tare da axis a kwance ko a tsaye. Misali, igiyar wutar lantarki tare da takura da ke kwance tare da layi kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 3 shima zai kasance mai madaidaicin layi.
Hoto 3. Girman filin wutar lantarki na igiyar igiyar igiyar igiyar igiya madaidaiciya wacce yanayin kusurwa.
Ana iya siffanta filin lantarki a hoto na 3 ta hanyar lissafi (2). Yanzu akwai bangaren x da y na filin lantarki. Dukansu sassan biyu daidai suke a girman.
Abu ɗaya da za a lura game da lissafin (2) shine ɓangaren xy da filayen lantarki a mataki na biyu. Wannan yana nufin cewa duka bangarorin biyu suna da girma iri ɗaya a kowane lokaci.
madauwari polarization
Yanzu a ɗauka cewa filin lantarki na igiyar jirgin sama ana ba da shi ta hanyar lissafi (3):
A wannan yanayin, abubuwan X- da Y sun kasance digiri 90 daga lokaci. Idan an lura da filin kamar (X, Y, Z) = (0,0,0) kuma kamar da, filin lantarki tare da lanƙwan lokaci zai bayyana kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa a cikin hoto 4.
Hoto 4. Ƙarfin filin lantarki (X, Y, Z) = (0,0,0) yankin EQ. (3).
Filin lantarki a hoto na 4 yana jujjuyawa a cikin da'ira. Ana siffanta wannan nau'in filin a matsayin igiyar igiyar ruwa mai da'ira. Don madauwari da madauwari, dole ne a cika ka'idoji masu zuwa:
- Daidaitaccen ma'aunin madauwari
- Dole ne filin lantarki ya kasance yana da sassa biyu na orthogonal (perpendicular).
- Abubuwan da ake buƙata na madaidaicin filin lantarki dole ne su kasance da girman girman daidai.
- Abubuwan da aka haɗa huɗu dole ne su kasance digiri 90 daga lokaci.
Idan ana tafiya akan allon Wave Figure 4, ana cewa jujjuyawar filin zata kasance akan agogon agogo da na hannun dama da'ira (RHCP). Idan filin yana jujjuya shi zuwa agogon agogo, filin zai zama madauwari madauwari ta hannun hagu (LHCP).
Elliptical polarization
Idan filin lantarki yana da abubuwa guda biyu a tsaye, 90 digiri daga lokaci amma yana da girman daidai, filin zai zama polarized elliptical. Yin la'akari da filin lantarki na igiyar jirgin da ke tafiya a cikin hanyar +z, wanda Equation (4) ya kwatanta:
Wurin wurin da ƙwanƙolin filin lantarki zai ɗauka an bayar da shi a hoto na 5
Hoto 5. Filin igiyar wutar lantarki mai saurin gaske. (4).
Filin da ke Hoto na 5, wanda ke tafiya a kishiyar agogo, zai kasance da elliptical na hannun dama idan ya fita daga allon. Idan filayen filin lantarki ya juya ta wata hanya dabam, filin zai kasance da hannun hagu na elliptically.
Bugu da ƙari kuma, elliptical polarization yana nufin eccentricity sa. Rabo na eccentricity zuwa girman manyan da ƙananan gatura. Misali, eccentricity na kalaman daga lissafin (4) shine 1/0.3= 3.33. An ƙara siffanta raƙuman igiyoyin da ba su da ƙarfi ta hanyar babban axis. Ma'aunin igiyar ruwa (4) yana da axis da farko ya ƙunshi axis x. Lura cewa babban axis na iya kasancewa a kowane kusurwar jirgin sama. Ba a buƙatar kusurwa don dacewa da axis X, Y ko Z. A ƙarshe, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa duka madauwari da madaidaicin polarization sune lokuta na musamman na polarization elliptical. 1.0 eccentric eccentric elliptical polarized taguwar ruwa ne mai madauwari mai da'ira. Raƙuman igiyoyin wuta masu ɗaci tare da ƙayyadaddun yanayi mara iyaka. Raƙuman igiyoyin ruwa masu madaidaici.
Antenna polarization
Yanzu da muke sane da filayen wutar lantarki na jirgin sama mai polarized, an ayyana polarization na eriya kawai.
Eriya Polarization Ƙimar filin nisa na eriya, daɗaɗɗen filin da ya haifar. Don haka, ana yawan jera eriya a matsayin “mai madauwari masu da’ira” ko kuma “eriya masu madauwari ta hannun dama”.
Wannan ra'ayi mai sauƙi yana da mahimmanci don sadarwar eriya. Na farko, eriya a kwance ba za ta yi sadarwa tare da eriya ta tsaye ba. Saboda ka'idar daidaitawa, eriya tana watsawa da karɓa daidai da hanya ɗaya. Don haka, eriya masu tsatsauran ra'ayi suna watsawa kuma suna karɓar filaye a tsaye. Don haka, idan kuna ƙoƙarin isar da eriya a tsaye a tsaye, ba za a sami liyafar ba.
A cikin al'amuran gabaɗaya, don eriya masu linzami guda biyu waɗanda ke jujjuya dangi da juna ta kwana ( ), asarar wutar lantarki saboda wannan rashin daidaituwar polarization za a bayyana ta hanyar asarar polarization (PLF):
Saboda haka, idan eriya guda biyu suna da polarization iri ɗaya, kusurwar da ke tsakanin filayen lantarki masu haskakawa ba shi da sifili kuma babu asarar wuta saboda rashin daidaituwar polarization. Idan eriya ɗaya ta kasance a tsaye, ɗayan kuma ta kasance a kwance, kusurwar tana da digiri 90, kuma ba za a canja wurin wutar lantarki ba.
NOTE: Matsar da wayar a kai zuwa kusurwoyi daban-daban yana bayyana dalilin da yasa ana iya ƙara liyafar wani lokaci. Eriyan wayar salula yawanci suna da layi na layi, don haka juyawa wayar sau da yawa zai iya dacewa da polarization na wayar, don haka inganta liyafar.
Da'ira polarization ne kyawawa hali na da yawa eriya. Dukkan eriya biyu suna da'ira da'ira kuma ba sa fama da asarar sigina saboda rashin daidaituwar polarization. Antenna da aka yi amfani da su a tsarin GPS suna da madauwari ta hannun dama.
Yanzu a ɗauka cewa eriya mai madaidaiciyar layi tana karɓar raƙuman ruwa masu madauwari. Hakazalika, ɗauka cewa eriya mai madauwari mai da'ira tana ƙoƙarin karɓar raƙuman ruwa mai madaidaici. Menene sakamakon asarar polarization?
Ka tuna cewa madauwari madauwari a haƙiƙanin raƙuman ruwa ne na madaidaiciyar raƙuman ruwa guda biyu, 90 digiri daga lokaci. Don haka, eriyar madaidaiciyar layi (LP) za ta karɓi ɓangaren ɓangaren raƙuman raƙuman madauwari (CP). Saboda haka, eriyar LP za ta sami asarar rashin daidaituwa na polarization na 0.5 (-3dB). Wannan gaskiya ne ko da wane kusurwa eriyar LP ke juyawa. don haka:
Fahimtar asarar polarization wani lokaci ana kiranta da ingancin polarization, rashin daidaituwar eriya, ko factor liyafar eriya. Duk waɗannan sunaye suna nuni zuwa ra'ayi ɗaya.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-22-2023
