Yadda ake cimma daidaiton impedance na jagororin waveguides? Daga ka'idar layin watsawa a cikin ka'idar eriya ta microstrip, mun san cewa ana iya zaɓar layukan watsawa masu dacewa ko masu layi ɗaya don cimma daidaiton impedance tsakanin layukan watsawa ko tsakanin layukan watsawa da lodi don cimma matsakaicin watsawa da ƙarancin asarar tunani. Ka'idar daidaitawar impedance a cikin layukan microstrip ta shafi daidaiton impedance a cikin jagororin waveguides. Tunani a cikin tsarin jagorar waveguides na iya haifar da rashin daidaiton impedance. Lokacin da lalacewar impedance ya faru, mafita iri ɗaya ce da layukan watsawa, wato, canza ƙimar da ake buƙata Ana sanya impedance mai lanƙwasa a wuraren da aka riga aka lissafa a cikin jagorar waveguides don shawo kan rashin daidaiton, ta haka ne kawar da tasirin tunani. Yayin da layukan watsawa ke amfani da impedances ko stubs masu lanƙwasa, jagororin waveguides suna amfani da tubalan ƙarfe masu siffofi daban-daban.
Siffa ta 1: Irises na jagorar raƙuman ruwa da da'ira iri ɗaya,(a) Capacitive;(b)inductive;(c)resonant.
Siffa ta 1 tana nuna nau'ikan nau'ikan daidaitawar impedance daban-daban, suna ɗaukar kowane nau'in da aka nuna kuma yana iya zama capacitive, inductive ko resonant. Binciken lissafi yana da rikitarwa, amma bayanin zahiri ba haka bane. Idan aka yi la'akari da tsiri na farko na ƙarfe mai ƙarfin capacitive a cikin sigar, za a iya ganin cewa yuwuwar da ke tsakanin bangon sama da ƙasa na jagoran raƙuman ruwa (a cikin yanayin rinjaye) yanzu tana wanzuwa tsakanin saman ƙarfe biyu a kusa, don haka ƙarfin shine Ma'aunin yana ƙaruwa. Sabanin haka, toshen ƙarfe a cikin Siffa ta 1b yana ba da damar kwararar wutar lantarki inda bai gudana ba a da. Za a sami kwararar wutar lantarki a cikin filin filin lantarki da aka inganta a baya saboda ƙara toshen ƙarfe. Saboda haka, ajiyar makamashi yana faruwa a cikin filin maganadisu kuma inductance a wannan wurin jagoran raƙuman ruwa yana ƙaruwa. Bugu da ƙari, idan an tsara siffar da matsayin zoben ƙarfe a cikin Siffa ta c yadda ya kamata, amsawar inductive da amsawar capacitive da aka gabatar za su yi daidai, kuma buɗewar za ta kasance resonance mai layi ɗaya. Wannan yana nufin cewa daidaita impedance da daidaita babban yanayin yana da kyau sosai, kuma tasirin shunting na wannan yanayin ba zai yi yawa ba. Duk da haka, za a rage wasu yanayi ko mitoci, don haka zoben ƙarfe mai ƙarfi yana aiki azaman matattarar bandpass da matattarar yanayi.
hoto na 2:(a) ginshiƙan jagorar raƙuman ruwa;(b) manne mai dunƙule biyu
Wata hanyar daidaitawa an nuna a sama, inda sandar ƙarfe mai siffar silinda ta miƙe daga ɗaya daga cikin faffadan ɓangarorin zuwa jagorar raƙuman ruwa, tana da irin tasirin da aka yi da tsiri na ƙarfe dangane da samar da amsawar da aka lulluɓe a wannan lokacin. Sandar ƙarfe na iya zama mai ƙarfin ko mai ƙarfin inductive, ya danganta da nisan da ya kai cikin jagorar raƙuman ruwa. Ainihin, wannan hanyar daidaitawa ita ce lokacin da irin wannan ginshiƙin ƙarfe ya miƙe kaɗan cikin jagorar raƙuman ruwa, yana samar da juriyar capacitive a wannan lokacin, kuma juriyar capacitive yana ƙaruwa har sai shigarwar ta kai kusan kwata na tsawon tsayi. A wannan lokacin, amsawar jerin yana faruwa. Ƙarin shigarwar sandar ƙarfe yana haifar da samar da juriyar inductive wanda ke raguwa yayin da sakawa ya zama cikakke. Ƙarfin amsawa a tsakiyar shigarwa yana daidai da diamita na ginshiƙin kuma ana iya amfani da shi azaman matattara, duk da haka, a wannan yanayin ana amfani da shi azaman matattar tsayawa ta band don aika manyan yanayin tsari. Idan aka kwatanta da ƙara juriyar sandunan ƙarfe, babban fa'idar amfani da sandunan ƙarfe shine cewa suna da sauƙin daidaitawa. Misali, ana iya amfani da sukurori guda biyu a matsayin na'urorin gyara don cimma daidaito mai inganci tsakanin jagorar raƙuman ruwa.
Masu juriya da kuma masu rage nauyi:
Kamar kowace tsarin watsawa, jagororin raƙuman ruwa wani lokacin suna buƙatar daidaitaccen daidaitawar juriya da kuma kayan da aka daidaita don ɗaukar raƙuman ruwa masu shigowa gaba ɗaya ba tare da tunani ba kuma su kasance marasa amsawa ga mita. Ɗaya daga cikin aikace-aikacen irin waɗannan tashoshi shine yin ma'aunin wutar lantarki daban-daban akan tsarin ba tare da haskaka kowace wuta ba.
hoto na 3 nauyin juriya ga jagorar raƙuman ruwa (a) taper guda ɗaya (b) taper biyu
Mafi yawan ƙarewar juriya ita ce ɓangaren dielectric mai lalacewa da aka sanya a ƙarshen jagorar wave kuma an yi masa kaifi (tare da ƙarshen da aka nuna zuwa ga raƙuman da ke shigowa) don kada ya haifar da tunani. Wannan matsakaici mai lalacewa na iya mamaye faɗin jagorar wave, ko kuma yana iya mamaye tsakiyar ƙarshen jagorar wave kawai, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 3. Taper ɗin na iya zama mai kaifi ɗaya ko biyu kuma yawanci yana da tsawon λp/2, tare da jimillar tsawon kusan tsayi biyu. Yawanci ana yin sa ne da faranti na dielectric kamar gilashi, wanda aka lulluɓe da fim ɗin carbon ko gilashin ruwa a waje. Don aikace-aikacen wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi, irin waɗannan tashoshi na iya samun matsewar zafi a wajen jagorar wave, kuma ana iya watsa wutar da aka kawo wa tashar ta hanyar matsewar zafi ko ta hanyar sanyaya iska mai ƙarfi.
siffa ta 4 Mai rage amo na vane mai motsi
Ana iya cire na'urorin rage hasken Dielectric kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 4. An sanya shi a tsakiyar jagorar raƙuman ruwa, ana iya motsa shi a gefe daga tsakiyar jagorar raƙuman ruwa, inda zai samar da mafi girman raguwa, zuwa gefuna, inda raguwar ta ragu sosai tunda ƙarfin filin lantarki na yanayin rinjaye ya yi ƙasa sosai.
Ragewa a cikin jagorar raƙuman ruwa:
Rage kuzarin jagororin raƙuman ruwa ya ƙunshi fannoni kamar haka:
1. Tunani daga katsewar jagorar raƙuman ruwa na ciki ko sassan jagorar raƙuman ruwa marasa daidaito
2. Asarar da kwararar ruwa ke haifarwa a bangon jagorar raƙuman ruwa
3. Asarar Dielectric a cikin jagororin raƙuman ruwa masu cike
Biyu na ƙarshe suna kama da asarar da ta dace a layukan coaxial kuma duka suna da ƙanƙanta. Wannan asarar ta dogara ne akan kayan bango da kuma kauri, dielectric da aka yi amfani da shi da kuma mitar (saboda tasirin fata). Ga bututun tagulla, kewayon yana daga 4 dB/100m a 5 GHz zuwa 12 dB/100m a 10 GHz, amma ga bututun aluminum, kewayon yana ƙasa. Ga jagororin raƙuman ruwa masu rufi da azurfa, asarar yawanci shine 8dB/100m a 35 GHz, 30dB/100m a 70 GHz, kuma kusa da 500 dB/100m a 200 GHz. Don rage asara, musamman a mafi girman mitoci, wani lokacin ana lulluɓe jagororin raƙuman ruwa (a ciki) da zinariya ko platinum.
Kamar yadda aka riga aka nuna, jagorar igiyar ruwa tana aiki a matsayin matattarar wucewa mai tsayi. Duk da cewa jagorar igiyar ruwa kanta ba ta da asara, mitoci da ke ƙasa da mitar yankewa suna raguwa sosai. Wannan raguwar ta faru ne saboda tunani a bakin jagorar igiyar ruwa maimakon yaduwa.
Haɗin jagorar raƙuman ruwa:
Haɗin madaurin igiyar ruwa yawanci yana faruwa ne ta hanyar flanges lokacin da aka haɗa guntu ko sassan madaurin igiyar ruwa. Aikin wannan flange shine tabbatar da haɗin injina mai santsi da kuma dacewa da halayen lantarki, musamman ƙarancin hasken waje da ƙarancin haske na ciki.
Flange:
Ana amfani da flanges na jagorar raƙuman ruwa sosai a cikin sadarwa ta microwave, tsarin radar, sadarwa ta tauraron dan adam, tsarin eriya, da kayan aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje a cikin binciken kimiyya. Ana amfani da su don haɗa sassan jagorar raƙuman ruwa daban-daban, tabbatar da cewa an hana zubar da ruwa da tsangwama, da kuma kula da daidaiton jagorar raƙuman ruwa don tabbatar da ingantaccen watsawa mai inganci da daidaitaccen matsayi na raƙuman lantarki na mita. Jagorar raƙuman ruwa ta yau da kullun tana da flange a kowane ƙarshen, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 5.
siffa ta 5 (a) flange mai sauƙi;(b) haɗin flange.
A ƙananan mitoci, za a yi amfani da flange ko a haɗa shi da jagorar waveguide, yayin da a manyan mitoci, ana amfani da flange mai faɗi da butt. Idan aka haɗa sassa biyu, ana haɗa flange ɗin tare, amma dole ne a gama ƙarshen su da kyau don guje wa katsewa a cikin haɗin. Babu shakka yana da sauƙi a daidaita abubuwan da ke cikin daidai tare da wasu gyare-gyare, don haka ƙananan jagororin wave wani lokacin ana sanye su da flange mai zare wanda za a iya ɗaure shi da goro mai zobe. Yayin da mita ke ƙaruwa, girman haɗin jagorar waveguide yana raguwa ta halitta, kuma katsewar haɗin yana ƙaruwa gwargwadon tsawon sigina da girman jagorar waveguide. Saboda haka, katsewa a manyan mitoci suna ƙara zama matsala.
hoto na 6 (a)Sashen haɗin shaƙa;(b)kallon ƙarshen shaƙa flange
Domin magance wannan matsala, za a iya barin ƙaramin gibi tsakanin jagororin raƙuman ruwa, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 6. Haɗin choke wanda ya ƙunshi flange na yau da kullun da flange mai shake da aka haɗa tare. Don rama yiwuwar rashin daidaituwa, ana amfani da zoben shake mai zagaye tare da sashe mai siffar L a cikin flange mai shake don cimma haɗin da ya fi dacewa. Ba kamar flange na yau da kullun ba, flange mai shake yana da saurin amsawa, amma ƙira mai kyau na iya tabbatar da bandwidth mai ma'ana (watakila 10% na mitar tsakiya) wanda SWR bai wuce 1.05 ba.
Lokacin Saƙo: Janairu-15-2024
