Menene eriyar ƙaho? Menene babban ka'idoji da amfani?

Horn eriyaeriya ce ta saman, eriyar microwave mai madauwari ko rectangular giciye-seshe a cikin abin da tasha na waveguide a hankali yana buɗewa. Ita ce nau'in eriya ta microwave da aka fi amfani da ita. Ana ƙayyade filinta na radiation ta girman baki da nau'in yaduwa na lasifikar. Daga cikin su, ana iya ƙididdige tasirin bangon ƙaho akan radiation ta amfani da ka'idar diffraction na geometric. Idan tsayin ƙahon ya kasance bai canza ba, girman saman bakin da kuma bambancin lokaci huɗu zai ƙaru yayin da kusurwar buɗe ƙaho ke ƙaruwa, amma ribar ba za ta canza tare da girman saman bakin ba. Idan kana buƙatar fadada mita na mai magana, kana buƙatar rage tunani a wuyansa da bakin mai magana; tunani zai ragu yayin da girman baki ya karu. Tsarin eriyar ƙaho yana da sauƙi mai sauƙi, kuma tsarin yana da sauƙi da sauƙi don sarrafawa. Gabaɗaya ana amfani dashi azaman eriya ta tsakiya. An yi amfani da eriyar ƙaho na ƙaho na Parabolic tare da kewayon mitar mitoci, ƙananan lobes na gefe da babban inganci galibi ana amfani da su a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa ta hanyar lantarki.

Ana iya ƙididdige filin radiyo na eriyar ƙaho daga filin saman ta amfani da ƙa'idar Huygens. Filin saman bakin ana ƙaddara ta girman saman bakin da yanayin ƙahon ƙaho. Za a iya amfani da ka'idar diffraction na geometric don ƙididdige tasirin bangon ƙaho akan radiation, ta yadda tsarin ƙididdigewa da ƙimar ƙima za su iya kasancewa cikin kyakkyawar yarjejeniya har zuwa lobe mai nisa. Abubuwan halayensa na radiation suna ƙaddara ta girman girman da kuma rarraba filin filin bakin, yayin da aka ƙayyade impedance ta hanyar tunanin wuyan mai magana (ƙatsewar farkon) da bakin bakin. Lokacin da tsayin ƙahon ya kasance akai-akai, idan kusurwar buɗewar ƙahon ya karu a hankali, girman saman baki da kuma bambancin lokaci na quadratic zai karu a lokaci guda, amma riba ba ta karuwa a lokaci guda tare da girman girman. bakin bakin, kuma akwai riba tare da matsakaicin darajar. Girman saman baki, mai magana mai wannan girman ana kiransa mafi kyawun magana. Ƙahohin maɗaukaki da ƙahonin pyramidal suna yaɗa raƙuman ruwa mai faɗi, yayin da ƙahoni masu siffar fan da ke buɗewa a kan saman ɗaya (E ko H surface) suna yada raƙuman ruwa na silindi. Filin saman bakin ƙaho filin ne mai bambancin lokaci mai ma'auni. Girman bambance-bambancen lokaci quadratic yana da alaƙa da tsayin ƙaho da girman saman bakin.

Ana amfani da eriya ta ƙaho a wurare masu zuwa: 1. Ciyarwa don manyan na'urorin hangen nesa na rediyo, ciyarwar eriya mai haske don tashoshin ƙasan tauraron dan adam, da ciyarwar eriya mai haske don sadarwar isar da sako ta microwave; 2. Eriya na raka'a don tsararrun tsararru; 3. Eriya A cikin ma'auni, ana amfani da eriya na ƙaho a matsayin ma'auni na gama gari don daidaitawa da samun gwajin sauran eriya masu riba.