Jagoranci shine ainihin ma'aunin eriya. Wannan shine ma'auni na yadda tsarin radiation na eriya ta jagora yake. Eriya da ke haskakawa daidai gwargwado a duk kwatance za ta sami madaidaiciyar kai tsaye daidai da 1. (Wannan daidai yake da sifili decibels -0 dB).
Za a iya rubuta aikin daidaitawa mai siffar zobe a matsayin al'adar radiyo:
[Kashi na 1]
Tsarin radiation na al'ada yana da siffa iri ɗaya da ainihin ƙirar radiation. An daidaita tsarin radiation na al'ada da girma kamar yadda matsakaicin ƙimar ƙirar radiation ta kasance daidai da 1. (Mafi girma shine lissafin [1] na "F"). Ta hanyar lissafi, an rubuta dabarar shugabanci (nau'in "D") kamar haka:
Wannan na iya zama kamar rikitaccen lissafin jagora. Duk da haka, sifofin radiation na kwayoyin halitta suna da mafi girman ƙima. Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga tana wakiltar matsakaicin ƙarfin da ke haskakawa a duk kwatance. Lissafin shine ma'auni na kololuwar wutar lantarki da aka raba ta matsakaicin. Wannan yana ba da jagorar eriya.
Tsarin jagora
A matsayin misali, la'akari da ma'auni biyu na gaba don tsarin radiation na eriya biyu.
Antenna 1
Antenna 2
An tsara waɗannan alamu na radiation a cikin Hoto 1. Lura cewa yanayin radiation aiki ne kawai na kusurwar polar theta (θ) Tsarin radiation ba aikin azimuth ba ne. (Tsarin radiation azimuthal ya kasance baya canzawa). Tsarin radiation na eriya ta farko ba ta da alkibla, sannan tsarin radiation na eriya ta biyu. Don haka, muna tsammanin kai tsaye ya zama ƙasa don eriya ta farko.
adadi 1. Hoton ƙirar radiyo na eriya. Yana da babban shugabanci?
Yin amfani da dabara [1], za mu iya ƙididdige cewa eriya tana da mafi girman kai tsaye. Don bincika fahimtar ku, yi tunani game da Hoto 1 da menene jagorar. Sannan tantance wane eriya ke da mafi girman kai tsaye ba tare da amfani da kowane lissafi ba.
Sakamakon lissafin jagora, yi amfani da dabara [1]:
Eriya na jagora 1 lissafi, 1.273 (1.05 dB).
Eriya na jagora 2 lissafi, 2.707 (4.32 dB).
Ƙarfafa kai tsaye yana nufin eriya ta fi mayar da hankali ko jagora. Wannan yana nufin cewa eriya mai karɓa 2 tana da 2.707 sau 2.707 ikon shugabanci na kololuwar sa fiye da eriya ta ko'ina. Eriya 1 zai sami 1.273 sau 1.273 ikon eriya ta ko'ina. Ana amfani da eriya ta gaba ɗaya azaman tunani na gama gari duk da cewa babu eriya ta isotropic.
Eriyatin wayar salula yakamata su kasance da ƙananan kai tsaye saboda sigina na iya zuwa daga kowace hanya. Sabanin haka, jita-jita na tauraron dan adam suna da babban jagora. Tasan tauraron dan adam yana karɓar sigina daga madaidaiciyar hanya. Misali, idan ka sami tasa talabijin ta tauraron dan adam, kamfanin zai gaya maka inda za ka nuna shi kuma tasa za ta sami siginar da ake so.
Za mu ƙare da jerin nau'ikan eriya da jagorarsu. Wannan zai ba ku ra'ayin abin da shugabanci ya zama gama gari.
Nau'in Eriya Na al'ada Directivity Na yau da kullun [decibel] (dB)
Shortan eriyar dipole 1.5 1.76
eriyar rabin-wave dipole 1.64 2.15
Faci (microstrip eriya) 3.2-6.3 5-8
Eriyar ƙaho 10-100 10-20
Eriya ta tasa 10-10,000 10-40
Kamar yadda bayanan da ke sama ke nuna jagorancin eriya ya bambanta sosai. Don haka, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci kai tsaye lokacin zabar eriya mafi kyau don takamaiman aikace-aikacen ku. Idan kana buƙatar aikawa ko karɓar makamashi daga wurare da yawa a hanya ɗaya to ya kamata ka tsara eriya tare da ƙananan kai tsaye. Misalai na aikace-aikace don ƙananan eriyar kai tsaye sun haɗa da rediyon mota, wayoyin salula, da shiga Intanet mara waya ta kwamfuta. Akasin haka, idan kuna yin ji mai nisa ko canja wurin wutar lantarki da aka yi niyya, to za a buƙaci eriya mai jagora sosai. Eriya masu matuƙar jagora za su ƙara girman canja wurin wutar lantarki daga inda ake so kuma su rage sigina daga wuraren da ba a so.
A ce muna son eriya mara ƙarfi. Ta yaya za mu yi wannan?
Gabaɗaya ka'idar ka'idar eriya ita ce kuna buƙatar ƙaramin eriya ta lantarki don samar da ƙananan kai tsaye. Wato, idan kun yi amfani da eriya tare da jimlar girman 0.25 - 0.5, to zaku rage girman kai tsaye. Eriyawan rabin-kalaman dipole ko eriyar ramin raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman ruwa yawanci suna da ƙasa da 3 dB kai tsaye. Wannan yana da ƙasa da matsayin jagora wanda zaku iya samu a aikace.
A ƙarshe, ba za mu iya yin ƙananan eriya ba fiye da kwata kwata ba tare da rage ingancin eriya da bandwidth na eriya ba. Za a tattauna ingancin eriya da bandwidth na eriya a cikin surori masu zuwa.
Don eriya tare da babban kai tsaye, za mu buƙaci eriya masu girma dabam da yawa. Irin su eriyar tasa ta tauraron dan adam da eriyar ƙaho suna da babban kai tsaye. Wannan wani bangare ne saboda suna da tsayi da yawa.
me yasa haka? A ƙarshe, dalilin yana da alaƙa da kaddarorin canjin Fourier. Lokacin da kuka ɗauki juzu'in Fourier na ɗan gajeren bugun bugun jini, zaku sami bakan mai faɗi. Wannan kwatankwacin baya nan wajen tantance yanayin radiation na eriya. Za'a iya tunanin tsarin radiation azaman canjin Fourier na rarraba halin yanzu ko ƙarfin lantarki tare da eriya. Saboda haka, ƙananan eriya suna da faffadan tsarin hasken wuta (da ƙananan kai tsaye). Eriya tare da manyan wutar lantarki iri ɗaya ko rarrabawar halin yanzu Tsarukan jagora (da babban kai tsaye).
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Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-07-2023
