A fannineriya mai tsari, beamforming, wanda kuma aka sani da filtata sarari, wata dabara ce ta sarrafa sigina da ake amfani da ita don watsawa da karɓar raƙuman rediyo mara waya ko raƙuman sauti ta hanyar da ta dace. Ana amfani da Beamforming a tsarin radar da sonar, sadarwa mara waya, acoustics, da kayan aikin likitanci. Yawanci, ana yin beamforming da scanning na beam ta hanyar saita dangantakar mataki tsakanin ciyarwa da kowane abu na jerin eriya don duk abubuwan su watsa ko karɓar sigina a mataki a cikin takamaiman alkibla. A lokacin watsawa, beamformer yana sarrafa matakin da girman kusanci na kowace siginar mai watsawa don ƙirƙirar tsarin tsangwama mai ginawa da lalata a kan gaban raƙuman ruwa. A lokacin liyafar, tsarin firikwensin yana ba da fifiko ga karɓar tsarin radiation da ake so.
Fasahar Zane-zanen Haske
Beamforming wata dabara ce da ake amfani da ita don jagorantar tsarin hasken rana zuwa ga alkiblar da ake so tare da amsawa mai tsayayye.eriyaAna iya cimma tsari ta hanyar tsarin canjin lokaci ko tsarin jinkirta lokaci.
Canjin Mataki
A cikin tsarin narrowband, jinkirin lokaci ana kiransa da canjin lokaci. A mitar rediyo (RF) ko matsakaicin mita (IF), ana iya cimma tsarin beamforming ta hanyar canza mataki tare da masu canza lokaci na ferrite. A baseband, ana iya cimma canjin mataki ta hanyar sarrafa siginar dijital. A cikin aikin band mai faɗi, ana fifita tsarin beamforming na jinkiri na lokaci saboda buƙatar sa alkiblar babban katako ta kasance ba ta canzawa tare da mita.
RM-PA17731
RM-PA10145-30(10-14.5GHz)
Lalacewar lokaci
Ana iya gabatar da jinkirin lokaci ta hanyar canza tsawon layin watsawa. Kamar yadda yake a yanayin canjin lokaci, ana iya gabatar da jinkirin lokaci a mitar rediyo (RF) ko matsakaicin mita (IF), kuma jinkirin lokaci da aka gabatar ta wannan hanyar yana aiki sosai a kan kewayon mita mai faɗi. Duk da haka, girman jerin da aka duba lokaci yana iyakance ta hanyar girman dipoles da tazarar lantarki tsakanin dipoles. Lokacin da mitar aiki ta ƙaru, tazarar lantarki tsakanin dipoles yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke haifar da wani matakin raguwar faɗin katako a manyan mita. Lokacin da mitar ta ƙaru, daga ƙarshe zai haifar da lobes na grating. A cikin jerin da aka tsara, lobes na grating za su faru lokacin da alkiblar ƙirƙirar katako ta wuce matsakaicin ƙimar babban katako. Wannan lamari yana haifar da kurakurai a cikin rarraba babban katako. Saboda haka, don guje wa lobes na grating, dole ne dipoles na eriya su sami tazara mai dacewa.
Nauyi
Vector mai nauyi wani vector ne mai rikitarwa wanda sashin girmansa ke ƙayyade matakin gefen gefe da faɗin babban katako, yayin da ɓangaren mataki ke ƙayyade babban kusurwar katako da matsayin null. Ana amfani da nauyin matakin don jerin kunkuntar band ta hanyar masu canza lokaci.
RM-PA7087-43(71-86GHz)
RM-PA1075145-32(10.75-14.5GHz)
Tsarin Zane-zanen Haske
Ana kiran eriya da za su iya daidaitawa da yanayin RF ta hanyar canza tsarin haskensu a matsayin eriya mai aiki. Tsarin beamforming zai iya haɗawa da matrix Butler, Blass matrix, da kuma arrays eriya na Wullenweber.
Matrix na Butler
Butler Matrix yana haɗa gadar 90° tare da canjin mataki don cimma ɓangaren ɗaukar hoto mai faɗi har zuwa 360° idan ƙirar oscillator da tsarin jagora sun dace. Kowane katako ana iya amfani da shi ta hanyar mai watsawa ko mai karɓa na musamman, ko ta hanyar mai watsawa ko mai karɓa guda ɗaya da ke sarrafa shi ta hanyar maɓallin RF. Ta wannan hanyar, ana iya amfani da Butler Matrix don jagorantar hasken layin zagaye.
Matrix na Brahs
Tsarin Burras yana amfani da layukan watsawa da mahaɗar jagora don aiwatar da tsarin beamforming na jinkiri na lokaci don aikin broadband. Ana iya tsara tsarin Burras a matsayin mai faffadan beamformer, amma saboda amfani da ƙarshen juriya, yana da asara mafi girma.
Jerin eriya na Woolenweber
Tsarin eriya na Woolenweber tsari ne mai zagaye wanda ake amfani da shi don neman jagora a cikin babban mita (HF). Wannan nau'in tsarin eriya na iya amfani da abubuwan da ke kan hanya ko kuma na alkibla, kuma adadin abubuwan gabaɗaya shine 30 zuwa 100, wanda kashi ɗaya bisa uku an keɓe shi don ƙirƙirar hasken alkibla mai zurfi a jere. Kowane abu an haɗa shi da na'urar rediyo wacce za ta iya sarrafa nauyin girman tsarin jerin eriya ta hanyar goniometer wanda zai iya duba 360° ba tare da kusan wani canji a cikin halayen tsarin eriya ba. Bugu da ƙari, tsarin eriya yana samar da haske wanda ke haskakawa daga jerin eriya ta hanyar jinkirin lokaci, ta haka ne ake cimma aikin broadband.
Don ƙarin koyo game da eriya, da fatan za a ziyarci:
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-07-2024
