A fagentsararrun eriya, Beamforming, wanda kuma aka sani da sararin samaniya, fasaha ce ta sarrafa sigina da ake amfani da ita don watsawa da karɓar raƙuman rediyo mara waya ko raƙuman sauti ta hanya.Beamforming yawanci ana amfani dashi a tsarin radar da tsarin sonar, sadarwar mara waya, acoustics, da kayan aikin likitanci.Yawanci, ƙirar katako da sikanin katako ana cika su ta hanyar saita dangantakar lokaci tsakanin ciyarwar da kowane nau'in tsararrun eriya ta yadda duk abubuwa su watsa ko karɓar sigina a cikin lokaci a takamaiman hanya.A lokacin watsawa, mai ƙirar katako yana sarrafa lokaci da girman dangi na kowane siginar watsawa don ƙirƙirar ingantacciyar tsangwama da ɓarna a gaban igiyar ruwa.A lokacin liyafar, ƙirar ƙirar firikwensin firikwensin yana ba da fifikon karɓar tsarin hasken da ake so.
Fasahar Beamforming
Beamforming wata dabara ce da ake amfani da ita don karkatar da tsarin hasken katako zuwa inda ake so tare da tsayayyen amsa.Ƙirar haske da duban katako na wanieriyaAna iya samun tsararru ta tsarin canjin lokaci ko tsarin jinkirin lokaci.
Shift na Mataki
A cikin kunkuntar tsarin, jinkirin lokaci kuma ana kiran shi canjin lokaci.A mitar rediyo (RF) ko tsaka-tsakin mitar (IF), ana iya samun ƙulla katako ta hanyar sauya lokaci tare da masu canjin lokaci na ferrite.A baseband, ana iya samun canjin lokaci ta hanyar sarrafa siginar dijital.A cikin aiki mai faɗi, an fi son yin jinkirin beamforming saboda buƙatar yin jagorancin babban katako mai jujjuyawa tare da mita.
Saukewa: RM-PA17731
RM-PA10145-30(10-14.5GHz)
Lalacewar lokaci
Ana iya gabatar da jinkirin lokaci ta hanyar canza tsawon layin watsawa.Kamar yadda yake tare da jujjuyawar lokaci, ana iya gabatar da jinkirin lokaci a mitar rediyo (RF) ko matsakaicin mitar (IF), kuma jinkirin lokacin da aka gabatar ta wannan hanyar yana aiki da kyau akan kewayon mitar mai faɗi.Koyaya, bandwidth na tsararrun da aka bincika lokaci yana iyakance ta hanyar bandwidth na dipoles da tazarar lantarki tsakanin dipoles.Lokacin da mitar aiki ya ƙaru, tazarar lantarki tsakanin dipoles yana ƙaruwa, yana haifar da wani takamaiman matakin kunkuntar nisan katako a manyan mitoci.Lokacin da mitar ta ƙara ƙaruwa, ƙarshe zai haifar da lobes na grating.A cikin tsararrun tsararru, lobes na grating za su faru lokacin da jagorar ƙirar katako ta wuce matsakaicin ƙimar babban katako.Wannan lamarin yana haifar da kurakurai a cikin rarraba babban katako.Don haka, don guje wa lobes na grating, dipoles na eriya dole ne su sami tazara mai dacewa.
Nauyi
Nauyin vector wani hadadden vector ne wanda girman bangarensa ke tantance matakin sidelobe da babban nisa, yayin da bangaren lokaci ke tantance babban kusurwar katako da matsayi mara kyau.Ana amfani da ma'aunin ma'aunin lokaci don tsararrun ƙunƙun ta hanyar masu sauya lokaci.
RM-PA7087-43(71-86GHz)
RM-PA1075145-32(10.75-14.5GHz)
Zane-zane na Beamforming
Antennas waɗanda zasu iya dacewa da yanayin RF ta hanyar canza tsarin hasken su ana kiran su eriya mai aiki da ƙarfi.Ƙirar ƙira na iya haɗawa da Butler matrix, Blass matrix, da tsararrun eriya ta Wullenweber.
Butler Matrix
Butler Matrix ya haɗu da gada na 90 ° tare da canjin lokaci don cimma sashin ɗaukar hoto mai faɗi kamar 360 ° idan ƙirar oscillator da tsarin kai tsaye sun dace.Kowane katako na iya amfani da shi ta keɓaɓɓen watsawa ko mai karɓa, ko ta hanyar watsawa guda ɗaya ko mai karɓa wanda aka sarrafa ta hanyar sauya RF.Ta wannan hanyar, za a iya amfani da Butler Matrix don sarrafa katako na tsararrun madauwari.
Brahs Matrix
Matrix na Burras yana amfani da layin watsawa da ma'auratan jagora don aiwatar da jinkirin beamforming don aikin watsa labarai.Za a iya tsara matrix na Burras azaman mai fa'ida mai faɗi, amma saboda amfani da ƙarewar juriya, yana da hasara mafi girma.
Woolenweber eriya tsararrun
Tsare-tsaren eriyar Woolenweber tsari ne na madauwari da aka yi amfani da shi don aikace-aikacen neman jagora a cikin babban rukunin mitar (HF).Wannan nau'in tsararrun eriya na iya amfani da ko dai ko'ina ko abubuwa na jagora, kuma adadin abubuwan gabaɗaya 30 zuwa 100 ne, waɗanda kashi ɗaya bisa uku an sadaukar da su don samar da bim ɗin jagora.Kowane kashi yana haɗe zuwa na'urar rediyo wanda zai iya sarrafa girman girman tsarin tsararrun eriya ta hanyar goniometer wanda zai iya duba 360° ba tare da kusan wani canji a cikin halayen ƙirar eriya ba.Bugu da ƙari, tsararrun eriya ta samar da katako mai haskakawa a waje daga tsararrun eriya ta hanyar jinkirin lokaci, ta haka ne ke samun aikin watsa labarai.
Don ƙarin koyo game da eriya, da fatan za a ziyarci:
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-07-2024
