Ingancin kewayon aEriya ta microwaveya dogara da mitar mita, riba, da yanayin aikace-aikacensa. A ƙasa akwai bayanin fasaha game da nau'ikan eriya gama gari:
1. Alaƙar Mita da Kewaye
- Eriya ta E-band (60–90 GHz):
Hanyoyin haɗi masu iya aiki na ɗan gajeren zango (1-3 km) don jigilar 5G da kuma sadarwa ta sojoji. Ragewar yanayi ya kai 10 dB/km saboda shaƙar iskar oxygen. - Antenna Ka-band (26.5–40 GHz):
Sadarwar tauraron dan adam tana kaiwa kilomita 10-50 (ƙasa-zuwa-LEO) tare da karuwar dBi sama da 40. Ruwan sama mai ƙarfi zai iya rage kewayon da kashi 30%. - 2.60–3.95 GHzEriya Mai Ƙaho:
Tsarin matsakaicin zango (kilomita 5-20) don radar da IoT, daidaita saurin shiga da ƙimar bayanai.
2. Nau'in Eriya da Aiki
| Eriya | Ribar da Aka Saba Ba | Matsakaicin Nisa | Amfani da Shari'a |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eriya Mai Biconical | 2–6 dBi | <1 km (gwajin EMC) | Ganowar gajarta |
| Ƙaho na Gain Standard | 12–20 dBi | 3–10 km | Daidaitawa/ma'auni |
| Tsarin Microstrip | 15–25 dBi | 5–50 km | Tashoshin tushe na 5G/Satcom |
3. Ka'idojin Lissafi na Nisa
Matsakaicin kimantawar lissafin watsawa na Friis (*d*):
d = (λ/4π) × √(P_t × G_t × G_r / P_r)
Ina:
P_t = Ƙarfin watsawa (misali, radar 10W)
G_t, G_r = Ribar eriya ta Tx/Rx (misali, ƙaho 20 dBi)
P_r = Ra'ayin mai karɓa (misali, –90 dBm)
Shawara Mai Amfani: Don hanyoyin haɗin tauraron ɗan adam na Ka-band, haɗa ƙaho mai ƙarfi (30+ dBi) tare da amplifiers masu ƙarancin amo (NF <1 dB).
4. Iyakokin Muhalli
Rage Ruwan Sama: Siginar Ka-band tana rasa 3–10 dB/km a cikin ruwan sama mai ƙarfi.
Yaɗuwar Haske: Tsarin microstrip mai ƙarfin 25 dBi a 30 GHz yana da faɗin haske na 2.3° - wanda ya dace da hanyoyin haɗi na daidai-da-maki.
Kammalawa: Nauyin eriyar microwave ya bambanta daga <1 km (gwajin EMC na biconical) zuwa 50+ km (satcom na Ka-band). Inganta ta hanyar zaɓar eriya ta E-/Ka-band don fitarwa ko ƙahonin 2-4 GHz don aminci.
Don ƙarin koyo game da eriya, da fatan za a ziyarci:
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-08-2025
