Labarai - Ka'idar Eriya - Sigogi na Asali

Wannan babi yana gabatar da muhimman sigogi na sadarwa mara waya, da nufin samar da fahimtar rawar da eriya ke takawa a tsarin sadarwa. Ana gudanar da sadarwa mara waya ne ta hanyar raƙuman lantarki, wanda hakan ke sa ya zama dole a fahimci halayen yaɗuwar raƙuman.

A cikin wannan babi, za mu tattauna waɗannan sigogi:

• Mita
• Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa
• Daidaita Impedance
•VSWR & Ƙarfin Nuni
•Bandwidth
• Kashi na Bandwidth
•Tsarin Hasken Radiation

Yanzu, bari mu yi cikakken nazari a kansu.

Mita:

A bisa ga ma'anar da aka saba amfani da ita, mita ita ce adadin maimaitawar raƙuman ruwa a kowane lokaci na raka'a. A taƙaice, mita tana bayyana sau nawa wani abu ya faru. Raƙuman ruwa na lokaci-lokaci suna maimaitawa kowace daƙiƙa T (lokaci ɗaya), kuma mitar ta ita ce ta lokaci-lokaci na T.

A fannin lissafi, yana bayyana kamar haka:

$$f = \frac{1}{T}$$

•F yana wakiltar mitar raƙuman ruwa na lokaci-lokaci, yayin da

•T shine lokacin da ake buƙata don kammala cikakken zagaye ɗaya.

Ana auna mitar a cikin hertz, an rage shi zuwa Hz.

Hoton da ke sama yana nuna raƙuman sine, waɗanda aka tsara ƙarfin lantarki (a cikin mV) a matsayin aikin lokaci (a cikin ms). Wannan nau'in raƙuman yana maimaita kowace milliseconds 2t; saboda haka, lokacinsa T = 2t ms, da mitarsa f = 1/(2t) kHz.

Tsawon Zango:

A bisa ga ma'anar da aka saba amfani da ita, ana kiran tazarar da ke tsakanin kololuwa biyu a jere ko kuma ramuka biyu a jere.

A taƙaice dai, tsawon tsayin tsayi shine nisan da ke tsakanin kololuwa biyu masu kyau da ke maƙwabtaka da juna ko kuma kololuwa biyu masu kyau da ke maƙwabtaka da juna. Hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna siffar raƙuman lokaci-lokaci, tare da alamar tsawon tsayin ...

Tsarin tsawon zango shine:

$$\lambda = \frac{c}{f}$$

•λ yana wakiltar tsawon tsayi

•C shine saurin haske ($3 sau 10^8$ mita a kowace daƙiƙa)

•F shine mitar

Ana bayyana tsawon tsayin λ a cikin raka'o'in tsayi, kamar mita, ƙafafu, ko inci. Naúrar da aka fi amfani da ita ita ce mita.

Daidaitawar Impedance:

A bisa ga ma'anar da aka saba amfani da ita, daidaita impedance yana faruwa ne lokacin da impedance na mai watsawa ya yi daidai da impedance na mai karɓar.

Ana buƙatar daidaita impedance tsakanin eriya da da'irar. Ya kamata a daidaita impedances na eriya, layin watsawa, da da'irar don cimma matsakaicin canja wurin wuta tsakanin eriya da mai karɓa ko mai watsawa.

Wajibcin Daidaitawa
Na'urorin resonant suna da ikon isar da mafi kyawun fitarwa a cikin wasu mitoci masu ƙunci. A matsayin na'urar resonant, eriya na iya samun ingantaccen aikin fitarwa idan an daidaita impedance ɗinta yadda ya kamata.

• Idan juriyar eriya ta yi daidai da juriyar sararin samaniya, wutar da eriya ke haskawa za ta yaɗu yadda ya kamata

•Ga eriya mai karɓa, impedance ɗin fitarwa ya kamata ya yi daidai da impedance ɗin shigarwa na da'irar amplifier mai karɓa

•Ga eriya mai watsawa, toshewar shigarwar ta kamata ta yi daidai da toshewar fitarwa ta amplifier mai watsawa da kuma yanayin toshewar layin watsawa.

Ana auna impedance a cikin ohms, wanda aka nuna ta alamar Z.

VSWR & Ƙarfin Nuni:

Bisa ga ma'anar da aka saba amfani da ita, rabon matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki zuwa mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki a cikin raƙuman da ke tsaye ana kiransa rabon raƙuman lantarki na tsaye (VSWR).

Idan tasirin eriya, layin watsawa, da kuma da'irar ba su daidaita ba, ba za a iya haskaka wutar lantarki yadda ya kamata ba; maimakon haka, wani ɓangare na wutar yana komawa baya.

Babban halayen sune -

• Sigar da ke nuna matakin rashin daidaiton impedance ana kiranta da Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)

•VSWR yana nufin Ratio na Tsarin Wave na Voltage kuma ana kiransa SWR

•Gabaɗar rashin daidaiton impedance, mafi girman ƙimar VSWR

• Domin samun ingantaccen hasken rana, ƙimar VSWR mafi kyau ita ce 1:1

• Ƙarfin da aka nuna yana nufin ɓangaren ƙarfin gaba wanda aka ɓata. Ƙarfin da aka nuna da VSWR suna bayyana irin wannan yanayin zahiri daga ra'ayoyi daban-daban.

Bandwidth:

Dangane da ma'anar da aka saba amfani da ita, ana kiran mitar da ke cikin takamaiman kewayon tsawon rai da aka ware don takamaiman sadarwa da ake kira bandwidth.

Idan aka watsa ko aka karɓa sigina, yana aiki a cikin wani takamaiman kewayon mita. Wannan takamaiman kewayon mitar an sanya shi ga wani takamaiman sigina don hana tsangwama daga wasu sigina yayin watsawa.

•Bandwidth yana nufin kewayon mita tsakanin iyakokin watsa sigina mai yawa da ƙarancin mita

•Da zarar an ware bandwidth, wasu ba za su iya amfani da shi ba

•An raba dukkan bakan zuwa sassan bandwidth, kowanne an sanya shi ga masu watsawa daban-daban

Ana iya kiran bandwidth ɗin da muka tattauna a baya a matsayin cikakken bandwidth.

Kashi na Bandwidth:

Bisa ga ma'anar da aka saba amfani da ita, ana kiran rabon cikakken bandwidth zuwa tsakiyar mitar sa da kashi-kashi.

Mitar da ke cikin band ɗin da ƙarfin siginar ya kai matsakaicinsa ana kiranta mitar resonant, wadda kuma aka sani da mitar tsakiya ta band ɗin, wadda aka nuna a matsayin fC.

• Ana nuna mitoci mafi girma da ƙasa na band ɗin a matsayin fH da fL, bi da bi

• Ana bayar da cikakken bandwidth ta hanyar fH − fL

• Domin kimanta faɗin mitar band, ya zama dole a ƙididdige girmansa ko kuma kashi-kashi na bandwidth ɗinsa

Ana ƙididdige yawan bandwidth ɗin don fahimtar kewayon bambance-bambancen mitar da wani ɓangare ko tsarin zai iya sarrafawa.

•fH yana nuna mafi girman mita

•fL yana nuna ƙarancin mita

•fc yana nuna mitar tsakiya

Mafi girman girman bandwidth, haka nan faɗin girman bandwidth ɗin tashar.

Tsananin Radiation:

Ana bayyana ƙarfin hasken a matsayin ƙarfin da aka haskaka a kowace naúrar kusurwa mai ƙarfi.

Eriya tana haskakawa sosai a wasu hanyoyi, wanda ya yi daidai da ƙarfin haskenta. Matsakaicin kewayon hasken da zai iya faruwa ana siffanta shi da ƙarfin hasken.

Bayyanar Lissafi
Ana samun ƙarfin radiation ta hanyar ninka yawan ƙarfin radiation da murabba'in nisan radial: