Wannan babi yana tattauna sigogin hasken eriya, wanda ke taimaka mana mu fahimci ƙayyadaddun hasken.
Yankin Haske
Bisa ga ma'anar da aka saba amfani da ita: "Idan ƙarfin hasken P(θ,ϕ) ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsakaicin ƙimarsa akan kusurwar ƙarfi ΩA kuma sifili ne a wani wuri, to yankin hasken shine kusurwar ƙarfi wanda duk ƙarfin da eriya ke haskawa ke wucewa."
Hasken da aka haska daga eriya yana fitowa a cikin wani kusurwa mai ƙarfi inda ƙarfin radiation ya kai matsakaicin. Wannan kusurwar hasken mai ƙarfi ana kiranta yankin hasken kuma ana nuna ta da ΩA.
A cikin wannan kusurwa mai ƙarfi ΩA, ƙarfin radiation P(θ,ϕ) ya kamata ya kasance mai daidaito da matsakaicinsa, kuma sifili a wani wuri. Saboda haka, jimlar ƙarfin radiation ana bayar da shi ta hanyar:
Ƙarfin Haske=P(θ,ϕ)⋅ΩA(watts)
Kusurwar haske gabaɗaya tana nufin kusurwar da ke tsakanin wuraren rabin ƙarfin babban lobe.
Bayyanar Lissafi
Ma'anar lissafi don yankin hasken shine:
inda kusurwar daidaito mai ƙarfi take:
dΩ=sinθdθdϕ
A nan, Pn(θ,ϕ) shine ƙarfin radiation da aka daidaita.
• ΩA yana wakiltar kusurwar katako mai ƙarfi (yankin katako).
• θ aiki ne na matsayin kusurwa.
• ϕ aiki ne na nisan radial.
Naúrar
Naúrar yankin katako ita cesteradian (sr).
Ingancin Haske
Bisa ga ma'anar da aka saba amfani da ita: "Ingancin katako shine rabon yankin katako na babban katako zuwa jimlar yankin katako mai haske."
Makamashin da eriya ke haskawa ya dogara ne da yadda take aiki kai tsaye. Alkiblar da eriya ke haskawa mafi ƙarfi tana da mafi girman inganci, yayin da wasu kuzari ke ɓacewa a cikin lobes na gefe. Rabon makamashin da ke haskawa mafi girma a cikin babban hasken zuwa jimlar makamashin da ke haskawa, tare da ƙarancin asara, ana kiransa ingancin hasken.
Bayyanar Lissafi
Ma'anar lissafi don ingancin hasken shine:
ina
•ηB shine ingancin hasken (babu girma),
• ΩMB shine kusurwa mai ƙarfi (yankin katako) na babban katako,
• ΩA shine kusurwar ƙarfi ta jimlar hasken da aka haskaka.
Rarrabawar Eriya
Ana iya tsara eriya da bambance-bambancen rabe-rabe bisa ga buƙatun aikace-aikace, kamar raba layi ko zagaye. Nau'in raba haske yana ƙayyade halayen haske da yanayin raba haske na eriya yayin karɓa ko watsawa.
Rarraba Tsakanin Layi
Idan aka watsa ko aka karɓi raƙuman lantarki, alkiblar yaɗuwarsu na iya bambanta. Eriya mai layi-layi tana riƙe da na'urar lantarki mai ɗaukar filin lantarki a wani wuri mai tsayayye, ta haka tana mai da hankali kan makamashi a wani takamaiman alkibla yayin da take danne wasu alkibla. Saboda haka, rarrabawar layi tana taimakawa wajen inganta kai tsaye na eriya.
Rarraba Tsakanin Zagaye
A cikin raƙuman da aka yi da zagaye, na'urar lantarki tana juyawa akan lokaci, tare da sassanta na orthogonal suna daidai da girma da kuma 90° daga mataki, wanda hakan ke haifar da rashin daidaitaccen alkibla. Rarrabawar da'ira tana rage tasirin hanyoyi da yawa kuma saboda haka ana amfani da ita sosai a cikin sadarwa ta tauraron dan adam, kamar GPS.
Rarraba Tsakanin Kwance-kwance
Raƙuman ruwa masu rarrafe a kwance sun fi saurin kamuwa da haske daga saman Duniya, wanda hakan ke haifar da raguwar sigina, musamman a mitoci ƙasa da 1 GHz. Ana amfani da raba wutar lantarki a kwance don watsa siginar talabijin don cimma mafi kyawun rabon sigina zuwa hayaniya.
Rarrabuwar Tsaye
Raƙuman ruwa masu ƙarancin mitoci masu rarrafe a tsaye suna da amfani ga yaɗuwar raƙuman ƙasa. Idan aka kwatanta da raƙuman ruwa masu rarrafe a kwance, raƙuman ruwa masu rarrafe a tsaye ba sa shafar hasken saman ƙasa sosai, don haka ana amfani da su sosai a cikin sadarwa ta wayar hannu.
Kowane nau'in polarization yana da nasa fa'idodi da ƙuntatawa. Masu tsara tsarin RF za su iya zaɓar polarization da ya dace bisa ga takamaiman buƙatun tsarin.
Don ƙarin koyo game da eriya, da fatan za a ziyarci:
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-24-2026
