Eriya ta isotropic wata hanya ce mai kyau ta tunani wadda ke haska makamashin lantarki daidai gwargwado a kowace hanya. Injiniyoyi suna amfani da ita don kwatanta ribar eriya, kai tsaye da kuma ƙarfin da aka haska, duk da cewa ba za a iya gina eriya mai isotropic daidai ba a aikace.
Wannan jagorar ta bayyana ma'anar radiation na isotropic, siffar tsarin radiation na isotropic, dalilin da yasa ribar tunani take 0 dBi, da kuma yadda ake amfani da wannan ma'anar a cikin lissafin EIRP.
Menene Eriya ta Isotropic?
Eriya ta isotropic, wacce kuma ake kira da radiator na isotropic, tushen ma'aunin nazari ne mai irin ƙarfin radiation iri ɗaya ga kowace kusurwar azimuth da tsayi. Ba ta da alkiblar da aka fi so, don haka tana ba da tushe mai tsaka-tsaki don bayyana halayen alkiblar ainihin eriya.
- Hanya ce ta lissafi mai kyau, ba eriya ta zahiri da za a iya fahimta ba.
- Ƙarfin haskensa yana nan a kan kusurwar da ke kewaye da tushen.
- Kai tsaye shine 1, wanda shine 0 dBi.
- Ana auna ribar eriya mai amfani da aka bayyana a cikin dBi dangane da wannan ma'anar.
Yaya Tsarin Radiation na Isotropic Yake?
Tsarin hasken isotropic mai girma uku shine ƙwallo mai tsakiya a kan tushen. Kowane wuri a kan wannan ƙwallo yana wakiltar irin ƙarfin hasken a nesa ɗaya. Duk wani jirgin sama mai girma biyu da ke ratsa tsakiyar yana samar da tsari mai zagaye.
Wannan tsarin zagaye yana sa mai radiator na isotropic ya zama mai amfani a ka'idar eriya: yana samar da matsakaicin matakin radiation wanda za a iya kwatanta shi da ainihin aikin eriya. Eriya mai amfani koyaushe tana da tsari na zahiri, tsarin ciyarwa da muhallin da ke kewaye wanda ke gabatar da bambancin alkibla, don haka tsarin da aka auna na iya ƙunsar manyan lobes, lobes na gefe da nulls.
Tsarin tunani:A cikin girma uku, hasken isotropic yana da siffar zagaye. Hasken da ke kewaye da sararin samaniya iri ɗaya ne kawai.
Babban bambanci:Tsarin isotropic mai siffar ƙwallo ba iri ɗaya bane da tsarin da aka saba dangantawa da dipole da sauran eriya masu jagora.
Misalin da ke sama yana nuna tsari na yau da kullun, mai kama da dipole: kusan iri ɗaya ne a cikin azimuth, mai siffar donut a girma uku da kuma siffar-takwas a cikin yanke a tsaye. Yana da amfani don kwatantawa, amma ba shine tsarin zagaye na radiator na isotropic ba.
Eriya ta Isotropic da Omnidirectional
Kalmomin isotropic da omnidirectional wani lokacin ana amfani da su ba tare da wata matsala ba, amma suna bayyana halayen radiation daban-daban.
- Eriya ta Isotropic:yana haskakawa daidai gwargwado a kowace hanya a cikin girma uku. Yana da ma'anar ka'ida tare da tsarin zagaye.
- Eriya mai jagora:Yana haskakawa kusan daidai gwargwado a kusa da jirgin sama ɗaya, yawanci a cikin jirgin azimuth na kwance, yayin da haskensa ya bambanta da tsayi.
- Tsarin al'ada na yau da kullun:zagaye a cikin jirgin kwance da kuma siffar siffa mai siffar takwas a cikin jirgin tsaye, suna ƙirƙirar tsarin girma uku mai siffar donut.
Eriya mai juyawa ta hanyar amfani da dukkan hanyoyi na iya samar da kariya daga azimuth mai digiri 360, amma ba ta da isotropic saboda yawanci tana da rauni a radiation ko nulls a gefenta.
Me yasa Antenna na Isotropic ke ƙaruwa 0 dBi?
Mafi kyawun na'urar radiator ta isotropic tana da directivity na 1 saboda ba ta tattara ƙarfi a kowace hanya. An bayyana shi akan sikelin logarithmic, wannan bayanin shine:
Katako 1010(1) = 0 dBi
Karin bayani "i" yana nufin cewa ƙimar tana nufin radiator na isotropic. Eriya ta gaske da aka kimanta a 3 dBi tana samar da kusan ninki biyu na ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikin mafi girman alkiblarta idan aka kwatanta da ma'aunin isotropic lokacin da kwatancen ya yi amfani da irin ƙarfin da aka karɓa. Ba yana nufin cewa radiator na isotropic da kansa yana da ribar 3 dBi ba.
Don muhimman bayanai masu alaƙa, dubaumarnin eriyakumaingancin eriya da riba.
Yadda EIRP ke Amfani da Ma'anar Isotropic
Ƙarfin hasken isotropic mai daidaituwa, ko EIRP, yana bayyana ƙarfin da mai radiator na isotropic mai kyau zai buƙaci don samar da matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki iri ɗaya kamar tsarin watsawa na ainihi a cikin takamaiman alkibla. A cikin raka'o'in logarithmic:
EIRP (dBm) = ƙarfin watsawa (dBm) + ribar eriya (dBi) - asarar ciyarwa (dB)
Wannan alaƙar ta haɗa da fitarwar watsawa, ribar eriya idan aka kwatanta da isotropic da asarar da ke faruwa daga kebul, masu haɗawa ko wasu abubuwan ciyarwa. Saboda haka, EIRP adadi ne na matakin tsarin, ba ƙarin ƙarfi da eriya ke samarwa ba.
ERP da EIRP
EIRP yana amfani da na'urar radiator ta isotropic a matsayin ma'auninsa. Ƙarfin da aka yi amfani da shi wajen haskakawa, ko ERP, yana amfani da dipole na rabin-wave a matsayin ma'auninsa. Matsakaicin dipole na rabin-wave yana da kimanin ribar dBi 2.15 a cikin mafi girman alkiblar haskensa, don haka adadin biyu sun bambanta da 2.15 dB.
ERP (dBW) = EIRP (dBW) - 2.15 dB
Misali, tsarin da ke da EIRP na 30 dBW yana da ERP na 27.85 dBW. Kullum a duba ko an faɗi iyakar eriya ko ƙa'ida a cikin dBi/dBW EIRP ko dBd/dBW ERP kafin a kwatanta ƙima.
Don fahimtar yadda ainihin eriya ke rarraba makamashi zuwa lobes da nulls, ci gaba da jagorarmu zuwaTsarin hasken eriya.
Abubuwan da ake ɗauka masu amfani
- Eriya mai kama da isotropic ita ce hanya mafi dacewa ta amfani da tushen ma'ana, ba ƙirar eriya mai amfani ba.
- Tsarin haskensa mai girma uku yana da siffar zagaye, kuma kowace yanke mai girma biyu ta tsakiya tana da siffar zagaye.
- Hanyar da aka yi amfani da ita da kuma ribar da aka samu ita ce 1, ko 0 dBi.
- Eriya mai juyawar hanya ta hanya ɗaya ce kawai a cikin wani tsari da aka zaɓa kuma yawanci tana da tsari mai girma uku mai siffar donut.
- Ana ambaton EIRP ga ribar isotropic, yayin da ake ambaton ERP ga dipole na rabin-wave.
RF MISO tana samar da eriya mai faɗi da kuma mai faɗi don aunawa da haɗa na'urorin microwave, sadarwa da tsarin. Bincika namumafita na eriya mai jagora or tuntuɓi ƙungiyarmudon tattauna yawan aikinka, riba, rarrabuwar kawuna da buƙatun hanyar sadarwa.
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-17-2026
