Hanyoyin Ciyar da Eriya ta Microstrip: Nau'i da Zaɓa

Menene Ciyar da Antenna ta Microstrip?

Ciyarwa tana haɗa tushen RF ko mai karɓa zuwa facin walƙiya yayin da take canza juriyar tsarin zuwa juriyar shigarwar eriya. A cikin ƙira mai amfani, ciyarwar wani ɓangare ne na eriya maimakon wani bayani daban. Tsarinta yana canza rarrabawar yanzu, mitar amsawa, asarar dawowa, bandwidth mai amfani da radiation da ba a so.

Ciyarwar eriya ta Microstrip yawanci ana raba ta zuwa hanyoyin hulɗa kai tsaye da hanyoyin haɗa lantarki. Ciyarwar layin Microstrip da coaxial probe suna yin hulɗa kai tsaye da facin. Ciyarwar da aka haɗa da aperture da kusa-kusa suna canja wurin makamashi ta hanyar haɗa lantarki kuma yawanci suna amfani da fiye da Layer substrate ɗaya.

Hanyoyi Huɗu na Ciyar da Eriya Mai Sauƙi

1. Ciyar da Layin Microstrip

A cikin hanyar sadarwa ta layin microstrip, ana haɗa layin watsawa da aka buga kai tsaye zuwa facin. Ana iya ƙera layin da facin a kan wani abu mai kama da juna a cikin tsarin PCB guda ɗaya, wanda hakan ya sa wannan hanyar ta zama mai sauƙi, mai ƙarancin fasali kuma ta dace da samarwa mai rahusa da kuma jerin bugawa da yawa.

Ana iya daidaita daidaiton impedance ta hanyar canza faɗin layin ciyarwa, ta amfani da inset, ƙara na'urar canza wutar lantarki ta kwata-kwata ko inganta haɗin tsakanin layin da facin. Babban iyakancewa shine layin ciyarwa shima yana haskakawa. Wannan hasken da ba daidai ba na iya shafar cross-polarization da tsarin radiation, musamman lokacin da substrate ɗin ya yi kauri ko kuma hanyar sadarwar ciyarwa tana da tsayi.

2. Ciyar da Binciken Coaxial

Ciyar da na'urar bincike ta coaxial tana ratsawa ta cikin ƙasa da kuma substrate. Ana haɗa na'urar sadarwa ta waje ta coaxial zuwa ƙasa, yayin da na'urar sadarwa ta ciki ke haɗa da facin. Matsar da matsayin na'urar sadarwa yana ba da hanya mai sauƙi don zaɓar juriyar shigarwar da ake so ba tare da buga layin ciyarwa a saman hasken ba.

Wannan hanyar tana ba da wurin da za a iya sanyawa mai sassauƙa da kuma ƙarancin hasken layin ciyarwa, amma tana buƙatar haƙowa da haɗin lantarki mai inganci. Dogon bincike yana gabatar da inductance, don haka aiki na iya lalacewa tare da substrates masu kauri na lantarki ko a mafi yawan mitoci. Saboda haka, ya kamata a haɗa yanayin haɗin haɗi, ƙarar solder da haƙurin masana'antu a cikin samfurin ƙarshe.

3. Buɗewa-Maɗaukakiyar Ciyarwa

Mai haɗa hanyar buɗewa yana sanya layin watsawa a ƙasan jirgin ƙasa da kuma facin a sama da shi. Ƙarfin yana ratsawa ta cikin wani rami a cikin jirgin ƙasa. Saboda jirgin ƙasa yana raba hanyar sadarwa ta ciyarwa daga facin mai haskakawa, wannan tsari yana samar da kyakkyawan keɓewa tsakanin ciyarwa zuwa radiator kuma yana iya rage hasken da ba a so.

Girman ramin, matsayin ramin, sandar layin ciyarwa, kauri na substrate da kuma ma'aunin dielectric duk suna shafar haɗin kai da daidaitawa. Haɗin aperture na iya tallafawa faɗaɗa bandwidth fiye da ciyarwa kai tsaye da yawa, amma yana buƙatar tsarin layuka da yawa da daidaito mai kyau tsakanin layin, ramin da faci.

4. Kusa da Ma'auratan da ke Ciki

A cikin ciyarwar da aka haɗa da kusanci, wanda kuma ake kira ciyarwar da aka haɗa da electromagnetically, layin microstrip yana ƙarƙashin facin kuma an raba shi da wani Layer na dielectric. Layin yana rufe wani ɓangare na facin, kuma ana canja wurin makamashi ta hanyar filin electromagnetic. Babu haɗin lantarki kai tsaye kuma babu rami a cikin ƙasa.

Tsawon da ke rufewa, matsayin layi, halayen substrate da kauri na Layer suna sarrafa haɗin. Wannan hanyar na iya samar da babban bandwidth na impedance da ƙarancin radiation mai ƙarfi, amma tsarin Layer biyu ya fi kauri kuma ya fi dacewa da daidaitawa da jurewar haɗin kai.

Kwatanta Hanyoyin Ciyar da Eriya ta Microstrip

Hanyar ciyarwa	Matsakaicin ƙarfin bandwidth	Ƙirƙira	Radiation na abinci / warewar	Mafi dacewa da
Layin Microstrip	Kunci zuwa matsakaici	PCB mai sauƙi, mai layi ɗaya	Ƙarin hasken layin ciyarwa	Zane-zane da jeri masu rahusa, masu rahusa, waɗanda aka buga
Binciken coaxial	Kunci zuwa matsakaici	Hakowa da haɗin kai tsaye	Ƙarancin hasken layin ciyarwa	Daidaita wurin ciyar da abinci mai sassauƙa
Maɗaukakiyar Buɗewa	Matsakaici zuwa faɗi	Multilayer tare da daidaitawar rami	Warewa mai kyau a abinci	Zane-zane da ke buƙatar warewa da kuma faɗaɗa bandwidth
Ma'auratan kusanci	Faɗi	Multilayer tare da daidaitawar overlapse	Ƙananan radiation mai ƙarfi	Tsarin broadband inda ƙarin kauri ya dace

Waɗannan salon ƙira ne na dangi, ba garantin aiki mai tsauri ba. Siffar faci, asarar substrate, ma'aunin dielectric, kauri, mita, tsawon hanyar sadarwa ta ciyarwa da haƙurin masana'antu na iya canza sakamakon.

Yadda Ake Zaɓar Hanyar Ciyarwa Mai Dace

• Bawul ɗin da ake buƙata:Ciyarwar kai tsaye sau da yawa ta isa ga tsarin narrowband. Ana iya fifita haɗin Buɗewa ko kusanci idan faɗin bandwidth na impedance babban buƙata ne.
• Adadin bayanin martaba da Layer:Tsarin layin microstrip yana sa tsarin ya zama siriri kuma mai sauƙin ƙera. Tsarin da aka haɗa yana buƙatar ƙarin yadudduka da daidaitawa.
• Tsarkakakken hasken rana:Idan hasken hanyar sadarwa ta ciyarwa ko kuma keɓewa daga gaba zuwa baya yana da matuƙar muhimmanci, tsarin haɗin buɗewa zai iya raba abincin daga facin.
• Haɗin jeri:Hanyoyin sadarwa na microstrip da aka buga sun dace da tsararru, amma asarar layi da hasken ƙwayoyin cuta suna ƙaruwa yayin da hanyar sadarwa ke ƙara tsayi. Ya kamata a kimanta tsarin ciyar da kamfanoni da juriyar girma/mataki tare.
• Mita da haƙuri:A mitoci na milimita, canjin haɗi, juriyar etching, kauri na substrate da kurakuran rajista suna zama masu mahimmanci a fannin lantarki.
• Iyakokin wuta da zafi:Ya kamata a duba asarar mai jagoranci, dumama dielectric, yawan wutar lantarki mai haɗawa da kuma yawan filin da ake buƙata don matakin wutar lantarki da aka nufa.
• Kudin da kuma maimaituwa:Tsarin da ke da mafi kyawun bandwidth da aka kwaikwayi bazai zama mafi kyawun zaɓin samarwa ba idan yana buƙatar haɗin gwiwa mai wahala ko daidaitawa mai tsauri na yadudduka da yawa.

Yadda Ake Zaɓar Wurin Ciyar da Binciken Coaxial

Matsayin bincike mai kyau shine wurin da ke nuna juriyar shigarwar manufa yayin da yake motsa yanayin da aka nufa tare da karɓuwa ta hanyar cross-polarization. Bai kamata a zaɓi shi ta atomatik a cibiyar faci ba, matsakaicin wurin lantarki ko matsakaicin wurin yanzu.

Ga facin murabba'i na al'ada wanda ke aiki a yanayinsa na asali, juriyar shigarwa gabaɗaya tana da girma kusa da gefen haske kuma tana raguwa yayin da ciyarwar ke motsawa zuwa tsakiya tare da girman resonant. Yawanci ana samun maki 50-ohm tsakanin gefen da tsakiya. Matsayin daidai ya dogara da girman facin, halayen substrate, diamita na bincike, matakin ƙasa, mahaɗi da tsarin da ke kusa.

1. Fara da girman faci don yawan sautin da ake buƙata da kuma polarization.
2. Sanya na'urar bincike a kan layin daidaitawa mai dacewa don taimakawa wajen motsa yanayin da ake so da kuma iyakance filayen da aka haɗa ta hanyar polarized.
3. Share ma'aunin daga gefen hasken a cikin samfurin lantarki mai cikakken zango har sai an kai ga matakin da ake so na impedance da asarar dawowa.
4. Haɗa da canjin coaxial, inductance na bincike, kushin solder, finite ground plane, archiving da radome lokacin da suke cikin taron ƙarshe.
5. Gina samfurin haƙuri don kauri na substrate, ma'aunin dielectric, etching da kuskuren wurin ciyarwa.
6. Tabbatar da eriyar da aka ƙera tare da na'urar nazarin hanyar sadarwa ta vector mai daidaitawa kuma gyara ta ne kawai bayan kwatanta ma'auni da kwatancen kwatancen.

Duba Tsarin Zane da Aunawa

Ya kamata a tabbatar da inganta ciyarwa da fiye da ƙimar S-sigogi ɗaya. Cikakken bita yawanci ya haɗa da:

• Mitar amsawa, S11, asarar dawowa, VSWR da bandwidth na impedance.
• Ingancin shigarwa na gaske da na tunani a cikin ƙungiyar aiki.
• Jimlar inganci, riba mai kyau da asarar dielectric.
• Tsarin radiation mai haɗin gwiwa da kuma mai haɗin gwiwa a cikin manyan jiragen sama.
• Rabon gaba da baya, gefen gefe da kuma karkacewar tsari wanda ciyarwa ko mahaɗin ya haifar.
• Rarrabawar yanzu da kuma shaidar yanayin da ba a yi niyya ba na yanayin saman-raƙuman ruwa ko manyan-tsari.
• Aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafin da ake tsammani, radome, gidaje, hanyar sadarwa ta kebul da yanayin shigarwa.

Aikace-aikace

Ana amfani da eriya da jeri na Microstrip a tashoshin sadarwa mara waya, kayan aikin tauraron dan adam da na kewayawa, na'urorin firikwensin radar, na'urorin sadarwa na zamani, dandamalin sararin samaniya, tsarin gwaji da ƙananan samfuran RF da aka haɗa. Ya kamata a zaɓi tsarin ciyarwa don ainihin buƙatun tsarin: ciyarwa mai sauƙi da aka buga na iya zama mafi dacewa ga ƙaramin naúrar madauri, yayin da ciyarwa mai haɗawa na iya zama hujja don faɗaɗa bandwidth ko warewar da ta fi ƙarfi.

Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi

Wace hanyar ciyar da eriya ta microstrip ce mafi sauƙi?

Ciyar layin microstrip yawanci shine mafi sauƙi saboda ana iya buga layi da facin akan abu ɗaya. Yana da sauƙin haɗawa da hanyar sadarwa ta ciyarwa ta planar, kodayake dole ne a sarrafa hasken layin ciyarwa.

Wace hanyar ciyarwa ce ke samar da mafi girman bandwidth?

Ciyarwar da aka haɗa da kusanci da kuma ta hanyar buɗewa gabaɗaya tana ba da damar bandwidth mafi girma fiye da ciyarwar kai tsaye ta asali. Ainihin bandwidth har yanzu ya dogara ne akan cikakken tsarin eriya da kuma tarin substrate.

Wanne abinci ne ke bayar da mafi kyawun keɓewa daga facin haske?

Haɗin budewa yana samar da keɓancewa mai ƙarfi na tsarin saboda matakin ƙasa yana raba layin ciyarwa daga facin. Har yanzu ana buƙatar tantance zubar da rami da hasken baya.

Shin wurin ciyarwa yana canza mitar amsawa?

Babban manufarsa ita ce daidaita impedance, amma na'urar bincike ko layin kuma tana damun filayen lantarki. Manyan na'urori masu auna sigina, dogayen na'urori, haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi ko ciyarwa kusa da yankin filin mai saurin amsawa na iya canza sautin murya da kuma ƙarfin shigarwa.

Mene ne bambanci tsakanin ciyarwa da daidaitawar impedance?

Ciyarwa tana bayyana yadda ake isar da makamashin RF zuwa facin. Daidaitawar impedance shine tsarin sanya shigarwar eriya ta dace da layin watsawa, yawanci 50 ohms. Matsayin ciyarwa da yanayin lissafi sune mahimman masu daidaitawa, amma ana iya amfani da ƙarin masu canza wutar lantarki, insets, stubs ko hanyoyin sadarwa masu daidaitawa.

Kammalawa

Zaɓin ciyarwar eriya ta microstrip shawara ce ta matakin tsarin. Layin microstrip da ciyarwar binciken coaxial suna fifita sauƙi da daidaitawa kai tsaye, yayin da haɗin buɗewa da kusanci suna ba da ƙarin keɓewa ko faɗaɗɗen bandwidth akan farashin ƙarin yadudduka da kuma sarrafa ƙira mai ƙarfi. Ya kamata a tabbatar da aikin ƙarshe koyaushe ta hanyar kwaikwayon cikakken zango, nazarin haƙuri da aunawa mai daidaitawa.

Shawarwarin Samfurin Eriya ta Microstrip

Bincika RF MISOsamfuran eriya ta microstripƙasa, kotuntuɓi ƙungiyar injiniyanmudon tattauna kewayon mita, riba, rarrabuwar kawuna, hanyar sadarwa da buƙatun haɗin kai.